Teaching and Learning

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    Cleft Lip and Palate Surgical Techniques: Introduction and Philosophy
    (2019-06-12) Butow, Kurt; Zwahlen, Roger
    Facial cleft deformity comprises cleft lip and palate deformities, as well as clefts of facial structures not associated with a cleft lip or palate. Cleft surgery requires a comprehensive knowledge of function (speech, occlusion, nasal airflow, middle ear function and facial muscles) and aesthetics, including racial specific features. The surgery comprises almost all types of cranio-maxillofacial and oral surgical interventions and involves both soft tissue (always 3-dimensional), and hard tissue (2- and 3-dimensional) corrective surgery. Appropriate treatment should be done at the best point in time i.e. neonatal period, toddler stage and childhood or during adolescence.
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    Cleft Lip and Palate Surgical Techniques: Primary Presurgical Treatment for Cleft Nose, Lip, Dentoalveolar Arches & Palate
    (2020-02-04) Bütow, Kurt; Zwahlen, Roger
    Functional jaw-orthognathic (FJO) suction and drinking plates are important elements in the management of cleft lip and palate (CLAP) deformities. They allow patients to eat and drink while awaiting surgical repair, and actively rotate smaller dentoalveolar segments prior to surgical intervention. This chapter focuses on indications, contraindications, timing and methodology of functional jaw-orthognathic suction and drinking plates for patients with CLAP deformities.
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    Endoscopic Transorbital Surgery: Medial Orbital (Precaruncular) Approach
    (2025-03-08) Lubbe, Darlene
    Access to the ethmoidal arteries is required to ligate the vessels with nasoethmoid traumatic fractures or to assist with haemostasis prior to resecting sinonasal tumours. The Lynch-Howarth incision has been the gold standard to approach these arteries, with the frontoethmoidal suture line said to be the optimal way of finding these arteries. However, this external approach should be replaced by the precaruncular approach to access these arteries for the following reasons: Lynch-Howarth incision •External facial incision can cause cos-metically unacceptable scars •Dissection through skin, subcutaneous tissue, and orbicularis oculi muscle is required with suturing of the incision •Bleeding can be encountered from the angular vessels
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    Endoscopic Ethmoidectomy (FESS) Surgical Technique
    (2025-03-08) Monteiro, Pedro; Lubbe, Darlene
    Endoscopic ethmoidectomy refers to exenteration of the anterior +/- posterior ethmoid cells. The ethmoids are in close proximity to the orbit and its contents, the optic nerve, the sphenoid sinus, the paper-thin cribriform plate with meninges above, the ethmoidal arteries and the olfactory nerves. Like all endoscopic sinus surgery, the anatomy and surgical technique are best learned on a cadaver, followed by surgery under direct supervision of an experienced endoscopic sinus surgeon. Ethmoidectomy done by a surgeon unfamiliar with the detailed anatomy of the nose and paranasal sinuses, especially in the absence of a CT scan or when unable to properly interpret a CT scan, or by a surgeon untrained in endoscopic sinus surgery, is high-risk. This chapter presents the relevant anatomy, indications for surgery, preoperative work-up, surgical instrumentation, anaesthesia, surgical technique, postoperative care and pitfalls of endoscopic ethmoidectomy.
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    Endoscopic Transnasal Optic Nerve Decompression
    (2025-03-08) Lanišnik, Boštjan; Ravnik, Janez
    This chapter focuses on the indications, decision making and surgical technique of endoscopic transnasal optic nerve decompression and presents some controversies relating to decompression for traumatic optic neuropathy. Endoscopic optic nerve decompression can be performed with little or no morbidity. It is done mainly for traumatic optic neuropathy. Other indications include skull base tumours e.g. meningiomas growing into the optic canal. or fibroosseous lesions of the skull base. Endoscopic optic nerve decompression is most suited to pathology located medial to the optic nerve. Lateral fractures of the sphenoid wing e.g. of the clinoid, are more easily accessed through a pterional approach.