Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in South Africa

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dc.contributor.advisorStein, Danen_ZA
dc.contributor.advisorKoenen, Karestanen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAtwoli, Lukoyeen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2015-12-02T04:05:41Z
dc.date.available2015-12-02T04:05:41Z
dc.date.issued2015en_ZA
dc.descriptionIncludes bibliographical referencesen_ZA
dc.description.abstractObjective: The main aim of this thesis is to analyze data from the South African Stress and Health (SASH) study and , for the first time, generate information on the epidemiology of traumatic event s (TEs) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and on the association of TEs with other psychopathological and physical health outcomes. Methods: A literature review was done to provide information current knowledge in the field. Cross - tabulations, Chi - squared tests and logistic regression analyses were then conducted SASH data to determine the prevalence of the different types of trauma and PTSD and the associations between the sociodemographic variables and TEs and PTSD on the one hand, and TEs and PTSD, other psychopathology and chronic physical conditions on the other . Results: The most common traumatic events were the unexpected death of a loved one and witnessing trauma. Lifetime prevalence of PTSD was 2.3%, and the conditional prevalence of PTSD after trauma exposure was 3.5%. PTSD conditional risk and burden were both highest for witnessing trauma. Witnessing trauma was commonest among males and those with low - average education. There was statistically significant association between witnessing and PTSD, mood, and anxiety disorders. Exposure to any TE significantly increased the odds of all the physical conditions, and the odds of having a physical condition were directly related to the number of lifetime traumatic events. Sexual violence and unexpected death of a loved one significantly increased the odds of all the e physical conditions assessed, while war events were only associated with respiratory conditions. Apart from war events, accidents and witnessing trauma were associated with the fewest physical conditions. Conclusions: Consistent with the literature, trauma and PTSD in South Africa are not distributed according to the socio - demographic factors or trauma types observed in other countries. Witnessing trauma is common in South Africa and increases the risk of mood and anxiety disorders. Finally, TE exposure is associated with chronic physical conditions in a dose - response manner. Trauma interventions must therefore focus also on those not directly affected, and routine evaluation for chronic physical conditions is recommended for survivors of all trauma.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationAtwoli, L. (2015). <i>Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in South Africa</i>. (Thesis). University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15505en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationAtwoli, Lukoye. <i>"Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in South Africa."</i> Thesis., University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15505en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationAtwoli, L. 2015. Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in South Africa. University of Cape Town.en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Thesis / Dissertation AU - Atwoli, Lukoye AB - Objective: The main aim of this thesis is to analyze data from the South African Stress and Health (SASH) study and , for the first time, generate information on the epidemiology of traumatic event s (TEs) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and on the association of TEs with other psychopathological and physical health outcomes. Methods: A literature review was done to provide information current knowledge in the field. Cross - tabulations, Chi - squared tests and logistic regression analyses were then conducted SASH data to determine the prevalence of the different types of trauma and PTSD and the associations between the sociodemographic variables and TEs and PTSD on the one hand, and TEs and PTSD, other psychopathology and chronic physical conditions on the other . Results: The most common traumatic events were the unexpected death of a loved one and witnessing trauma. Lifetime prevalence of PTSD was 2.3%, and the conditional prevalence of PTSD after trauma exposure was 3.5%. PTSD conditional risk and burden were both highest for witnessing trauma. Witnessing trauma was commonest among males and those with low - average education. There was statistically significant association between witnessing and PTSD, mood, and anxiety disorders. Exposure to any TE significantly increased the odds of all the physical conditions, and the odds of having a physical condition were directly related to the number of lifetime traumatic events. Sexual violence and unexpected death of a loved one significantly increased the odds of all the e physical conditions assessed, while war events were only associated with respiratory conditions. Apart from war events, accidents and witnessing trauma were associated with the fewest physical conditions. Conclusions: Consistent with the literature, trauma and PTSD in South Africa are not distributed according to the socio - demographic factors or trauma types observed in other countries. Witnessing trauma is common in South Africa and increases the risk of mood and anxiety disorders. Finally, TE exposure is associated with chronic physical conditions in a dose - response manner. Trauma interventions must therefore focus also on those not directly affected, and routine evaluation for chronic physical conditions is recommended for survivors of all trauma. DA - 2015 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2015 T1 - Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in South Africa TI - Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in South Africa UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15505 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/15505
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationAtwoli L. Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in South Africa. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2015 [cited yyyy month dd]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15505en_ZA
dc.language.isoengen_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Healthen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciencesen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.subject.otherPsychiatry and Mental Healthen_ZA
dc.subject.otherTraumaen_ZA
dc.subject.otherPosttraumatic Stress Disorderen_ZA
dc.subject.otherPTSDen_ZA
dc.titleTrauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in South Africaen_ZA
dc.typeDoctoral Thesis
dc.type.qualificationlevelDoctoral
dc.type.qualificationnamePhDen_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceThesisen_ZA
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