Design and Development of a Portable Multi-user Medical Grade Oxygen Concentrator

Lowan, Vongani

Design and Development of a Portable Multi-user Medical Grade Oxygen Concentrator

Thesis / Dissertation

2024

Publisher

University of Cape Town

Department

Department of Human Biology

Faculty

Faculty of Health Sciences

Abstract

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the demand for high-flow oxygen concentrators, particularly in resource-limited areas. There is a pressing need for an innovative, high-flow, multi-user oxygen concentrator using local materials to address this healthcare challenge. Methods: The study focused on creating a portable, medical-grade oxygen concentrator using the Skarstrom pressure swing adsorption cycle, incorporating a silica gel drying tank and 13X Zeolite adsorption beds. Critical parameters such as compressor output pressure, heat exchanger efficiency, systemic pressure losses, air separation duration, and peak flow rate of oxygen-enriched air were extensively analysed through experiments and simulations. Results: The concentrator achieved a 21 litres per minute flow rate with over 85% oxygen purity at 100kPa. Cost efficiency was ensured using local components. Enhancements included an orifice in the sieve beds to increase back pressure and equalisation valves to reduce cyclic duration, thus improving efficiency. An internal spacer in the sieve bed was designed to optimise airflow and oxygen production. Discussion: This device addresses the scarcity of oxygen in resource-constrained regions like sub-Saharan Africa. It aims to reduce the cost of oxygen therapy (currently R20.00-R40.00 per patient per day) and should be expanded and implemented in similar settings. Future efforts should focus on integrating advanced functionalities such as remote monitoring for operational efficacy and safety. Conclusion: This multi-user oxygen concentrator represents a significant advancement in medical technology, especially for resource-limited settings. It provides a high oxygen flow rate and concentration at an optimised cost, addressing the oxygen shortage exacerbated by the pandemic. Its innovative design utilises local materials and features that enhance efficiency, offering a cost-effective solution and a model for future healthcare technologies. Future developments should aim to extend this technology's reach, ensure adaptability, and continuously improve its features for enhanced efficacy and safety. This contributes to more equitable medical resource distribution in areas with significant resource constraints.

Keywords

Human Biology

Reference:

Collections

Masters

Full item page