Real-time investigation of tuberculosis transmission: developing the Respiratory Aerosol Sampling Chamber (RASC)

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dc.contributor.authorWood, Robinen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMorrow, Carlen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorIII, Clifton E Barryen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBryden, Wayne Aen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorCall, Charles Jen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHickey, Anthony Jen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorRodes, Charles Een_ZA
dc.contributor.authorScriba, Thomas Jen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBlackburn, Jonathanen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorIssarow, Chachaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMulder, Nicolaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorWoodward, Jeremyen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMoosa, Aticaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSingh, Vinayaken_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMizrahi, Valerieen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorWarner, Digby Fen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2016-03-08T10:54:14Z
dc.date.available2016-03-08T10:54:14Z
dc.date.issued2016en_ZA
dc.description.abstractKnowledge of the airborne nature of respiratory disease transmission owes much to the pioneering experiments of Wells and Riley over half a century ago. However, the mechanical, physiological, and immunopathological processes which drive the production of infectious aerosols by a diseased host remain poorly understood. Similarly, very little is known about the specific physiological, metabolic and morphological adaptations which enable pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) to exit the infected host, survive exposure to the external environment during airborne carriage, and adopt a form that is able to enter the respiratory tract of a new host, avoiding innate immune and physical defenses to establish a nascent infection. As a first step towards addressing these fundamental knowledge gaps which are central to any efforts to interrupt disease transmission, we developed and characterized a small personal clean room comprising an array of sampling devices which enable isolation and representative sampling of airborne particles and organic matter from tuberculosis (TB) patients. The complete unit, termed the Respiratory Aerosol Sampling Chamber (RASC), is instrumented to provide real-time information about the particulate output of a single patient, and to capture samples via a suite of particulate impingers, impactors and filters. Applying the RASC in a clinical setting, we demonstrate that a combination of molecular and microbiological assays, as well as imaging by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy, can be applied to investigate the identity, viability, and morphology of isolated aerosolized particles. Importantly, from a preliminary panel of active TB patients, we observed the real-time production of large numbers of airborne particles including Mtb , as confirmed by microbiological culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping. Moreover, direct imaging of captured samples revealed the presence of multiple rod-like Mtb organisms whose physical dimensions suggested the capacity for travel deep into the alveolar spaces of the human lung.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationWood, R., Morrow, C., III, C. E. B., Bryden, W. A., Call, C. J., Hickey, A. J., ... Warner, D. F. (2016). Real-time investigation of tuberculosis transmission: developing the Respiratory Aerosol Sampling Chamber (RASC). <i>PLoS One</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17570en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationWood, Robin, Carl Morrow, Clifton E Barry III, Wayne A Bryden, Charles J Call, Anthony J Hickey, Charles E Rodes, et al "Real-time investigation of tuberculosis transmission: developing the Respiratory Aerosol Sampling Chamber (RASC)." <i>PLoS One</i> (2016) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17570en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationWood, R., Morrow, C., Barry III, C. E., Bryden, W. A., Call, C. J., Hickey, A. J., ... & Mulder, N. (2016). Real-time investigation of tuberculosis transmission: developing the Respiratory Aerosol Sampling Chamber (RASC). PloS one, 11(1). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0146658en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Wood, Robin AU - Morrow, Carl AU - III, Clifton E Barry AU - Bryden, Wayne A AU - Call, Charles J AU - Hickey, Anthony J AU - Rodes, Charles E AU - Scriba, Thomas J AU - Blackburn, Jonathan AU - Issarow, Chacha AU - Mulder, Nicola AU - Woodward, Jeremy AU - Moosa, Atica AU - Singh, Vinayak AU - Mizrahi, Valerie AU - Warner, Digby F AB - Knowledge of the airborne nature of respiratory disease transmission owes much to the pioneering experiments of Wells and Riley over half a century ago. However, the mechanical, physiological, and immunopathological processes which drive the production of infectious aerosols by a diseased host remain poorly understood. Similarly, very little is known about the specific physiological, metabolic and morphological adaptations which enable pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) to exit the infected host, survive exposure to the external environment during airborne carriage, and adopt a form that is able to enter the respiratory tract of a new host, avoiding innate immune and physical defenses to establish a nascent infection. As a first step towards addressing these fundamental knowledge gaps which are central to any efforts to interrupt disease transmission, we developed and characterized a small personal clean room comprising an array of sampling devices which enable isolation and representative sampling of airborne particles and organic matter from tuberculosis (TB) patients. The complete unit, termed the Respiratory Aerosol Sampling Chamber (RASC), is instrumented to provide real-time information about the particulate output of a single patient, and to capture samples via a suite of particulate impingers, impactors and filters. Applying the RASC in a clinical setting, we demonstrate that a combination of molecular and microbiological assays, as well as imaging by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy, can be applied to investigate the identity, viability, and morphology of isolated aerosolized particles. Importantly, from a preliminary panel of active TB patients, we observed the real-time production of large numbers of airborne particles including Mtb , as confirmed by microbiological culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping. Moreover, direct imaging of captured samples revealed the presence of multiple rod-like Mtb organisms whose physical dimensions suggested the capacity for travel deep into the alveolar spaces of the human lung. DA - 2016 DB - OpenUCT DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0146658 DP - University of Cape Town J1 - PLoS One LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2016 T1 - Real-time investigation of tuberculosis transmission: developing the Respiratory Aerosol Sampling Chamber (RASC) TI - Real-time investigation of tuberculosis transmission: developing the Respiratory Aerosol Sampling Chamber (RASC) UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17570 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146658en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/17570
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationWood R, Morrow C, III CEB, Bryden WA, Call CJ, Hickey AJ, et al. Real-time investigation of tuberculosis transmission: developing the Respiratory Aerosol Sampling Chamber (RASC). PLoS One. 2016; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17570.en_ZA
dc.language.isoengen_ZA
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicineen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciencesen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.rightsThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.en_ZA
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0en_ZA
dc.sourcePLoS Oneen_ZA
dc.source.urihttp://journals.plos.org/plosoneen_ZA
dc.subject.otherAerosolsen_ZA
dc.subject.otherMycobacterium tuberculosisen_ZA
dc.subject.otherParticle sizeen_ZA
dc.subject.otherTuberculosisen_ZA
dc.subject.otherAerodynamicsen_ZA
dc.subject.otherRespiratory infectionsen_ZA
dc.subject.otherCarbon dioxideen_ZA
dc.subject.otherScanning electron microscopyen_ZA
dc.titleReal-time investigation of tuberculosis transmission: developing the Respiratory Aerosol Sampling Chamber (RASC)en_ZA
dc.typeJournal Articleen_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceArticleen_ZA
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