Multimodal neuroimaging and early neurobehavioural and developmental correlates of alcohol and methamphetamine exposed infants in Cape Town

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dc.contributor.advisorStein, Dan Jen_ZA
dc.contributor.advisorNarr, Katherine Len_ZA
dc.contributor.advisorRiley, Edward Pen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorDonald, Kirsten Ann Maryen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2016-01-21T12:58:52Z
dc.date.available2016-01-21T12:58:52Z
dc.date.issued2015en_ZA
dc.descriptionIncludes bibliographical referencesen_ZA
dc.description.abstractAlcohol use and alcohol use disorders contribute a significant proportion of the burden of disease in low, middle, and high-income countries. As a result, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) represent one of the most common preventable causes of intellectual disability globally. Understanding the core brain areas of susceptibility to prenatal alcohol as they manifest in early life is key to developing strategies for early focused identification and intervention. This thesis explored the relative impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on the brain in infants as measured by multimodal brain imaging and the relationship of these findings to early neurobehavioral and developmental status. The specific aims the thesis addressed included leveraging structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and resting sate functional MRI (rs-fMRI) scans in approximately 100 infants (50 alcohol exposed and a matched number of control, unexposed babies) at 2-4 weeks of age, to assess group differences in early brain development. Correlations between multimodal neuroimaging measures and neonatal neurobehavioral assessments and associations between early structural imaging findings and later infant developmental, as measured by the Bayley III assessment at 6 months, were further explored in the same group of infants. These studies addressed the hypothesis that maternal alcohol use in pregnancy would result in quantitative MRI abnormalities demonstrable at 2-4weeks of age and that these changes would correlate with early indicators of neurobehavior and development. Chapter 1 presents the rationale and outline of the thesis. The burden of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is described in the context of different resource settings around the world with detailed reference to South Africa. Chapter 2 presents a published systematic literature review of published studies of MRI in children and adolescents with prenatal alcohol exposure. Chapter 3 provides an overall description of the methods and context for this study. Although the results chapters each include a focused methods section, the word restrictions of journal articles did not allow for adequate contextual detail for the project as a whole.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationDonald, K. A. M. (2015). <i>Multimodal neuroimaging and early neurobehavioural and developmental correlates of alcohol and methamphetamine exposed infants in Cape Town</i>. (Thesis). University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16489en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationDonald, Kirsten Ann Mary. <i>"Multimodal neuroimaging and early neurobehavioural and developmental correlates of alcohol and methamphetamine exposed infants in Cape Town."</i> Thesis., University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16489en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationDonald, K. 2015. Multimodal neuroimaging and early neurobehavioural and developmental correlates of alcohol and methamphetamine exposed infants in Cape Town. University of Cape Town.en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Thesis / Dissertation AU - Donald, Kirsten Ann Mary AB - Alcohol use and alcohol use disorders contribute a significant proportion of the burden of disease in low, middle, and high-income countries. As a result, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) represent one of the most common preventable causes of intellectual disability globally. Understanding the core brain areas of susceptibility to prenatal alcohol as they manifest in early life is key to developing strategies for early focused identification and intervention. This thesis explored the relative impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on the brain in infants as measured by multimodal brain imaging and the relationship of these findings to early neurobehavioral and developmental status. The specific aims the thesis addressed included leveraging structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and resting sate functional MRI (rs-fMRI) scans in approximately 100 infants (50 alcohol exposed and a matched number of control, unexposed babies) at 2-4 weeks of age, to assess group differences in early brain development. Correlations between multimodal neuroimaging measures and neonatal neurobehavioral assessments and associations between early structural imaging findings and later infant developmental, as measured by the Bayley III assessment at 6 months, were further explored in the same group of infants. These studies addressed the hypothesis that maternal alcohol use in pregnancy would result in quantitative MRI abnormalities demonstrable at 2-4weeks of age and that these changes would correlate with early indicators of neurobehavior and development. Chapter 1 presents the rationale and outline of the thesis. The burden of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is described in the context of different resource settings around the world with detailed reference to South Africa. Chapter 2 presents a published systematic literature review of published studies of MRI in children and adolescents with prenatal alcohol exposure. Chapter 3 provides an overall description of the methods and context for this study. Although the results chapters each include a focused methods section, the word restrictions of journal articles did not allow for adequate contextual detail for the project as a whole. DA - 2015 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2015 T1 - Multimodal neuroimaging and early neurobehavioural and developmental correlates of alcohol and methamphetamine exposed infants in Cape Town TI - Multimodal neuroimaging and early neurobehavioural and developmental correlates of alcohol and methamphetamine exposed infants in Cape Town UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16489 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/16489
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationDonald KAM. Multimodal neuroimaging and early neurobehavioural and developmental correlates of alcohol and methamphetamine exposed infants in Cape Town. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2015 [cited yyyy month dd]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16489en_ZA
dc.language.isoengen_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Healthen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciencesen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.subject.otherPaediatrics and Child Healthen_ZA
dc.titleMultimodal neuroimaging and early neurobehavioural and developmental correlates of alcohol and methamphetamine exposed infants in Cape Townen_ZA
dc.typeDoctoral Thesis
dc.type.qualificationlevelDoctoral
dc.type.qualificationnamePhDen_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceThesisen_ZA
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