South Atlantic response to El Niño–Southern Oscillation induced climate variability in an ocean general circulation model

Colberg, F; Reason, C J C; Rodgers, K

South Atlantic response to El Niño–Southern Oscillation induced climate variability in an ocean general circulation model

Journal Article

2004-12-14

Journal Title

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Link to Journal

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2004JC002301/full

Publisher

American Geophysical Union

Publisher

University of Cape Town

Department

Department of Oceanography

Faculty

Faculty of Science

Abstract

[1] The response of the South Atlantic Ocean to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is investigated by means of an ocean general circulation model (ORCA2) forced with National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalyses for the 1948–1999 period. Seasonal ENSO composites suggest that the ENSO-induced wind anomalies play a major role in driving upper ocean temperatures by altering the net surface heat fluxes, the meridional Ekman heat transport, and Ekman pumping. Model diagnostics indicate that the Ekman heat transport changes are in better agreement with the upper ocean temperature anomalies during the first half of the ENSO event whereas, in the latter half, the surface heat flux anomalies agree better. In general, the atmospheric forcing tends to lead to a coherent ocean response with a time lag of about one season. Subsurface temperatures evolve more slowly in response to ENSO forcing than the upper ocean. They receive time-filtered ENSO signals from mainly Ekman pumping (suction) and variations in thermocline depth that result in the poleward and equatorward margins of the subtropical gyre exhibiting temperature anomalies of the same sign but opposite to those in the central regions of the gyre.