Socioeconomic status and dietary patterns in children from around the world: different associations by levels of country human development?

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dc.contributor.authorManyanga, Taru
dc.contributor.authorTremblay, Mark S
dc.contributor.authorChaput, Jean-Philippe
dc.contributor.authorKatzmarzyk, Peter T
dc.contributor.authorFogelholm, Mikael
dc.contributor.authorHu, Gang
dc.contributor.authorKuriyan, Rebecca
dc.contributor.authorKurpad, Anura
dc.contributor.authorLambert, Estelle V
dc.contributor.authorMaher, Carol
dc.contributor.authorMaia, José
dc.contributor.authorMatsudo, Victor
dc.contributor.authorOlds, Timothy
dc.contributor.authorOnywera, Vincent
dc.contributor.authorSarmiento, Olga L
dc.contributor.authorStandage, Martyn
dc.contributor.authorTudor-Locke, Catrine
dc.contributor.authorZhao, Pei
dc.contributor.authorMikkila, Vera
dc.contributor.authorBroyles, Stephanie T
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-08T06:54:52Z
dc.date.available2021-10-08T06:54:52Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.description.abstractAbstract Background Although ‘unhealthy’ diet is a well-known risk factor for non-communicable diseases, its relationship with socio-economic status (SES) has not been fully investigated. Moreover, the available research has largely been conducted in countries at high levels of human development. This is the first study to examine relationships among dietary patterns and SES of children from countries spanning a wide range of human development. Methods This was a multinational cross-sectional study among 9–11 year-old children (n = 6808) from urban/peri-urban sites across 12 countries. Self-reported food frequency questionnaires were used to determine the children’s dietary patterns. Principal Components Analysis was employed to create two component scores representing ‘unhealthy’ and ‘healthy’ dietary patterns. Multilevel models accounting for clustering at the school and site level were used to examine the relationships among dietary patterns and SES. Results The mean age of participants in this study (53.7% girls) was 10.4 years. Largest proportions of total variance in dietary patterns occurred at the individual, site, and school levels (individual, school, site: 62.8%; 10.8%; 26.4% for unhealthy diet pattern (UDP) and 88.9%; 3.7%; 7.4%) for healthy diet pattern (HDP) respectively. There were significant negative ‘unhealthy’ diet-SES gradients in 7 countries and positive ‘healthy’ diet-SES gradients in 5. Within country diet-SES gradients did not significantly differ by HDI. Compared to participants in the highest SES groups, unhealthy diet pattern scores were significantly higher among those in the lowest within-country SES groups in 8 countries: odds ratios for Australia (2.69; 95% CI: 1.33–5.42), Canada (4.09; 95% CI: 2.02–8.27), Finland (2.82; 95% CI: 1.27–6.22), USA (4.31; 95% CI: 2.20–8.45), Portugal (2.09; 95% CI: 1.06–4.11), South Africa (2.77; 95% CI: 1.22–6.28), India (1.88; 95% CI: 1.12–3.15) and Kenya (3.35; 95% CI: 1.91–5.87). Conclusions This study provides evidence of diet-SES gradients across all levels of human development and that lower within-country SES is strongly related to unhealthy dietary patterns. Consistency in within-country diet-SES gradients suggest that interventions and public health strategies aimed at improving dietary patterns among children may be similarly employed globally. However, future studies should seek to replicate these findings in more representative samples extended to more rural representation.
dc.identifier.apacitationManyanga, T., Tremblay, M. S., Chaput, J., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Fogelholm, M., Hu, G., ... Broyles, S. T. (2017). Socioeconomic status and dietary patterns in children from around the world: different associations by levels of country human development?. <i>BMC Public Health</i>, 17(1), 174 - 177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34360en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationManyanga, Taru, Mark S Tremblay, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Peter T Katzmarzyk, Mikael Fogelholm, Gang Hu, Rebecca Kuriyan, et al "Socioeconomic status and dietary patterns in children from around the world: different associations by levels of country human development?." <i>BMC Public Health</i> 17, 1. (2017): 174 - 177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34360en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationManyanga, T., Tremblay, M.S., Chaput, J., Katzmarzyk, P.T., Fogelholm, M., Hu, G., Kuriyan, R. & Kurpad, A. et al. 2017. Socioeconomic status and dietary patterns in children from around the world: different associations by levels of country human development?. <i>BMC Public Health.</i> 17(1):174 - 177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34360en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn1471-2458
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Manyanga, Taru AU - Tremblay, Mark S AU - Chaput, Jean-Philippe AU - Katzmarzyk, Peter T AU - Fogelholm, Mikael AU - Hu, Gang AU - Kuriyan, Rebecca AU - Kurpad, Anura AU - Lambert, Estelle V AU - Maher, Carol AU - Maia, José AU - Matsudo, Victor AU - Olds, Timothy AU - Onywera, Vincent AU - Sarmiento, Olga L AU - Standage, Martyn AU - Tudor-Locke, Catrine AU - Zhao, Pei AU - Mikkila, Vera AU - Broyles, Stephanie T AB - Abstract Background Although ‘unhealthy’ diet is a well-known risk factor for non-communicable diseases, its relationship with socio-economic status (SES) has not been fully investigated. Moreover, the available research has largely been conducted in countries at high levels of human development. This is the first study to examine relationships among dietary patterns and SES of children from countries spanning a wide range of human development. Methods This was a multinational cross-sectional study among 9–11 year-old children (n = 6808) from urban/peri-urban sites across 12 countries. Self-reported food frequency questionnaires were used to determine the children’s dietary patterns. Principal Components Analysis was employed to create two component scores representing ‘unhealthy’ and ‘healthy’ dietary patterns. Multilevel models accounting for clustering at the school and site level were used to examine the relationships among dietary patterns and SES. Results The mean age of participants in this study (53.7% girls) was 10.4 years. Largest proportions of total variance in dietary patterns occurred at the individual, site, and school levels (individual, school, site: 62.8%; 10.8%; 26.4% for unhealthy diet pattern (UDP) and 88.9%; 3.7%; 7.4%) for healthy diet pattern (HDP) respectively. There were significant negative ‘unhealthy’ diet-SES gradients in 7 countries and positive ‘healthy’ diet-SES gradients in 5. Within country diet-SES gradients did not significantly differ by HDI. Compared to participants in the highest SES groups, unhealthy diet pattern scores were significantly higher among those in the lowest within-country SES groups in 8 countries: odds ratios for Australia (2.69; 95% CI: 1.33–5.42), Canada (4.09; 95% CI: 2.02–8.27), Finland (2.82; 95% CI: 1.27–6.22), USA (4.31; 95% CI: 2.20–8.45), Portugal (2.09; 95% CI: 1.06–4.11), South Africa (2.77; 95% CI: 1.22–6.28), India (1.88; 95% CI: 1.12–3.15) and Kenya (3.35; 95% CI: 1.91–5.87). Conclusions This study provides evidence of diet-SES gradients across all levels of human development and that lower within-country SES is strongly related to unhealthy dietary patterns. Consistency in within-country diet-SES gradients suggest that interventions and public health strategies aimed at improving dietary patterns among children may be similarly employed globally. However, future studies should seek to replicate these findings in more representative samples extended to more rural representation. DA - 2017 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town IS - 1 J1 - BMC Public Health LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PY - 2017 SM - 1471-2458 T1 - Socioeconomic status and dietary patterns in children from around the world: different associations by levels of country human development? TI - Socioeconomic status and dietary patterns in children from around the world: different associations by levels of country human development? UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34360 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/34360
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationManyanga T, Tremblay MS, Chaput J, Katzmarzyk PT, Fogelholm M, Hu G, et al. Socioeconomic status and dietary patterns in children from around the world: different associations by levels of country human development?. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(1):174 - 177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34360.en_ZA
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Human Biology
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciences
dc.sourceBMC Public Health
dc.source.journalissue1
dc.source.journalvolume17
dc.source.pagination174 - 177
dc.source.urihttps://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4383-8
dc.subject.otherGini index
dc.subject.otherHdi
dc.subject.otherHousehold income
dc.subject.otherNon-communicable diseases
dc.subject.otherUnhealthy/healthy diet
dc.subject.otherChild
dc.subject.otherCross-Sectional Studies
dc.subject.otherDiet
dc.subject.otherFemale
dc.subject.otherHealthy Diet
dc.subject.otherHumans
dc.subject.otherMale
dc.subject.otherPrincipal Component Analysis
dc.subject.otherRisk Factors
dc.subject.otherSelf Report
dc.subject.otherSocial Class
dc.subject.otherSocioeconomic Factors
dc.titleSocioeconomic status and dietary patterns in children from around the world: different associations by levels of country human development?
dc.typeJournal Article
uct.type.publicationResearch
uct.type.resourceJournal Article
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