Increased production of IL-4 and IL-12p40 from bronchoalveolar lavage cells are biomarkers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the sputum

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dc.contributor.authorNolan, Annaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorFajardo, Elaineen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHuie, Maryann Len_ZA
dc.contributor.authorCondos, Ranyen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorPooran, Anilen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorDawson, Rodneyen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorDheda, Keertanen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBateman, Ericen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorRom, William Nen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorWeiden, Michael Den_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2016-01-11T06:51:22Z
dc.date.available2016-01-11T06:51:22Z
dc.date.issued2013en_ZA
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) causes 1.45 million deaths annually world wide, the majority of which occur in the developing world. Active TB disease represents immune failure to control latent infection from airborne spread. Acid-fast bacillus (AFB) seen on sputum smear is a biomarker for contagiousness. METHODS: We enrolled 73 tuberculosis patients with extensive infiltrates into a research study using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) to sample lung immune cells and assay BAL cell cytokine production. All patients had sputum culture demonstrating Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 59/73 (81%) had AFB identified by microscopy of the sputum. Compared with smear negative patients, smear positive patients at presentation had a higher proportion with smoking history, a higher proportion with temperature >38.5 0 C, higher BAL cells/ml, lower percent lymphocytes in BAL, higher IL-4 and IL-12p40 in BAL cell supernatants. There was no correlation between AFB smear and other BAL or serum cytokines. Increasing IL-4 was associated with BAL PMN and negatively associated with BAL lymphocytes. Each 10-fold increase in BAL IL-4 and IL-12p40 increased the odds of AFB smear positivity by 7.4 and 2.2-fold, respectively, in a multi-variable logistic model. CONCLUSION: Increasing IL-4 and IL-12p40 production by BAL cells are biomarkers for AFB in sputum of patients who present with radiographically advanced TB. They likely reflect less effective immune control of pathways for controlling TB, leading to patients with increased infectiousness.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationNolan, A., Fajardo, E., Huie, M. L., Condos, R., Pooran, A., Dawson, R., ... Weiden, M. D. (2013). Increased production of IL-4 and IL-12p40 from bronchoalveolar lavage cells are biomarkers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the sputum. <i>PLoS One</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16240en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationNolan, Anna, Elaine Fajardo, Maryann L Huie, Rany Condos, Anil Pooran, Rodney Dawson, Keertan Dheda, Eric Bateman, William N Rom, and Michael D Weiden "Increased production of IL-4 and IL-12p40 from bronchoalveolar lavage cells are biomarkers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the sputum." <i>PLoS One</i> (2013) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16240en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationNolan, A., Fajardo, E., Huie, M. L., Condos, R., Pooran, A., Dawson, R., ... & Weiden, M. D. (2013). Increased production of IL-4 and IL-12p40 from bronchoalveolar lavage cells are biomarkers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the sputum. PloS one, 8(3), e59461. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059461en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Nolan, Anna AU - Fajardo, Elaine AU - Huie, Maryann L AU - Condos, Rany AU - Pooran, Anil AU - Dawson, Rodney AU - Dheda, Keertan AU - Bateman, Eric AU - Rom, William N AU - Weiden, Michael D AB - BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) causes 1.45 million deaths annually world wide, the majority of which occur in the developing world. Active TB disease represents immune failure to control latent infection from airborne spread. Acid-fast bacillus (AFB) seen on sputum smear is a biomarker for contagiousness. METHODS: We enrolled 73 tuberculosis patients with extensive infiltrates into a research study using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) to sample lung immune cells and assay BAL cell cytokine production. All patients had sputum culture demonstrating Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 59/73 (81%) had AFB identified by microscopy of the sputum. Compared with smear negative patients, smear positive patients at presentation had a higher proportion with smoking history, a higher proportion with temperature >38.5 0 C, higher BAL cells/ml, lower percent lymphocytes in BAL, higher IL-4 and IL-12p40 in BAL cell supernatants. There was no correlation between AFB smear and other BAL or serum cytokines. Increasing IL-4 was associated with BAL PMN and negatively associated with BAL lymphocytes. Each 10-fold increase in BAL IL-4 and IL-12p40 increased the odds of AFB smear positivity by 7.4 and 2.2-fold, respectively, in a multi-variable logistic model. CONCLUSION: Increasing IL-4 and IL-12p40 production by BAL cells are biomarkers for AFB in sputum of patients who present with radiographically advanced TB. They likely reflect less effective immune control of pathways for controlling TB, leading to patients with increased infectiousness. DA - 2013 DB - OpenUCT DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0059461 DP - University of Cape Town J1 - PLoS One LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2013 T1 - Increased production of IL-4 and IL-12p40 from bronchoalveolar lavage cells are biomarkers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the sputum TI - Increased production of IL-4 and IL-12p40 from bronchoalveolar lavage cells are biomarkers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the sputum UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16240 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/16240
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059461
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationNolan A, Fajardo E, Huie ML, Condos R, Pooran A, Dawson R, et al. Increased production of IL-4 and IL-12p40 from bronchoalveolar lavage cells are biomarkers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the sputum. PLoS One. 2013; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16240.en_ZA
dc.language.isoengen_ZA
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentDivision of Pulmonologyen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciencesen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.rightsThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.en_ZA
dc.rights.holder© 2013 Nolan et alen_ZA
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0en_ZA
dc.sourcePLoS Oneen_ZA
dc.source.urihttp://journals.plos.org/plosoneen_ZA
dc.subject.otherTuberculosisen_ZA
dc.subject.otherMycobacterium tuberculosisen_ZA
dc.subject.otherCytokinesen_ZA
dc.subject.otherSputumen_ZA
dc.subject.otherLymphocytesen_ZA
dc.subject.otherCell-mediated immunityen_ZA
dc.subject.otherFeversen_ZA
dc.subject.otherSmoking habitsen_ZA
dc.titleIncreased production of IL-4 and IL-12p40 from bronchoalveolar lavage cells are biomarkers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the sputumen_ZA
dc.typeJournal Articleen_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceArticleen_ZA
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