Unsaturated glycerophospholipids mediate heme crystallization: biological implications for hemozoin formation in the kissing bug Rhodnius prolixus

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dc.contributor.authorStiebler, Renataen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMajerowicz, Daviden_ZA
dc.contributor.authorKnudsen, Jensen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorGondim, Katia Cen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorWright, David Wen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorEgan, Timothy Jen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Marcus Fen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2015-11-18T07:13:16Z
dc.date.available2015-11-18T07:13:16Z
dc.date.issued2014en_ZA
dc.description.abstractHemozoin (Hz) is a heme crystal produced by some blood-feeding organisms, as an efficient way to detoxify heme derived from hemoglobin digestion. In the triatomine insect Rhodnius prolixus , Hz is essentially produced by midgut extracellular phospholipid membranes known as perimicrovillar membranes (PMVM). Here, we investigated the role of commercial glycerophospholipids containing serine, choline and ethanolamine as headgroups and R. prolixus midgut lipids (RML) in heme crystallization. All commercial unsaturated forms of phospholipids, as well as RML, mediated fast and efficient β-hematin formation by means of two kinetically distinct mechanisms: an early and fast component, followed by a late and slow one. The fastest reactions observed were induced by unsaturated forms of phosphatidylethanolamine (uPE) and phosphatidylcholine (uPC), with half-lives of 0.04 and 0.7 minutes, respectively. β-hematin crystal morphologies were strikingly distinct among groups, with uPE producing homogeneous regular brick-shaped crystals. Interestingly, uPC-mediated reactions resulted in two morphologically distinct crystal populations: one less representative group of regular crystals, resembling those induced by uPE, and the other largely represented by crystals with numerous sharp edges and tapered ends. Heme crystallization reactions induced by RML were efficient, with a heme to β-hematin conversion rate higher than 70%, but clearly slower (t1/2 of 9.9-17.7 minutes) than those induced by uPC and uPE. Interestingly, crystals produced by RML were homogeneous in shape and quite similar to those mediated by uPE. Thus, β-hematin formation can be rapidly and efficiently induced by unsaturated glycerophospholipids, particularly uPE and uPC, and may play a role on biological heme crystallization in R. prolixus midgut.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationStiebler, R., Majerowicz, D., Knudsen, J., Gondim, K. C., Wright, D. W., Egan, T. J., & Oliveira, M. F. (2014). Unsaturated glycerophospholipids mediate heme crystallization: biological implications for hemozoin formation in the kissing bug Rhodnius prolixus. <i>PLoS One</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15154en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationStiebler, Renata, David Majerowicz, Jens Knudsen, Katia C Gondim, David W Wright, Timothy J Egan, and Marcus F Oliveira "Unsaturated glycerophospholipids mediate heme crystallization: biological implications for hemozoin formation in the kissing bug Rhodnius prolixus." <i>PLoS One</i> (2014) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15154en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationStiebler, R., Majerowicz, D., Knudsen, J., Gondim, K. C., Wright, D. W., Egan, T. J., & Oliveira, M. F. (2013). Unsaturated glycerophospholipids mediate heme crystallization: biological implications for hemozoin formation in the kissing bug Rhodnius prolixus. PloS one, 9(2), e88976. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088976en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Stiebler, Renata AU - Majerowicz, David AU - Knudsen, Jens AU - Gondim, Katia C AU - Wright, David W AU - Egan, Timothy J AU - Oliveira, Marcus F AB - Hemozoin (Hz) is a heme crystal produced by some blood-feeding organisms, as an efficient way to detoxify heme derived from hemoglobin digestion. In the triatomine insect Rhodnius prolixus , Hz is essentially produced by midgut extracellular phospholipid membranes known as perimicrovillar membranes (PMVM). Here, we investigated the role of commercial glycerophospholipids containing serine, choline and ethanolamine as headgroups and R. prolixus midgut lipids (RML) in heme crystallization. All commercial unsaturated forms of phospholipids, as well as RML, mediated fast and efficient β-hematin formation by means of two kinetically distinct mechanisms: an early and fast component, followed by a late and slow one. The fastest reactions observed were induced by unsaturated forms of phosphatidylethanolamine (uPE) and phosphatidylcholine (uPC), with half-lives of 0.04 and 0.7 minutes, respectively. β-hematin crystal morphologies were strikingly distinct among groups, with uPE producing homogeneous regular brick-shaped crystals. Interestingly, uPC-mediated reactions resulted in two morphologically distinct crystal populations: one less representative group of regular crystals, resembling those induced by uPE, and the other largely represented by crystals with numerous sharp edges and tapered ends. Heme crystallization reactions induced by RML were efficient, with a heme to β-hematin conversion rate higher than 70%, but clearly slower (t1/2 of 9.9-17.7 minutes) than those induced by uPC and uPE. Interestingly, crystals produced by RML were homogeneous in shape and quite similar to those mediated by uPE. Thus, β-hematin formation can be rapidly and efficiently induced by unsaturated glycerophospholipids, particularly uPE and uPC, and may play a role on biological heme crystallization in R. prolixus midgut. DA - 2014 DB - OpenUCT DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0088976 DP - University of Cape Town J1 - PLoS One LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2014 T1 - Unsaturated glycerophospholipids mediate heme crystallization: biological implications for hemozoin formation in the kissing bug Rhodnius prolixus TI - Unsaturated glycerophospholipids mediate heme crystallization: biological implications for hemozoin formation in the kissing bug Rhodnius prolixus UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15154 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/15154
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088976
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationStiebler R, Majerowicz D, Knudsen J, Gondim KC, Wright DW, Egan TJ, et al. Unsaturated glycerophospholipids mediate heme crystallization: biological implications for hemozoin formation in the kissing bug Rhodnius prolixus. PLoS One. 2014; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15154.en_ZA
dc.language.isoengen_ZA
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Chemistryen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Scienceen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.rightsThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.en_ZA
dc.rights.holder© 2014 Stiebler et alen_ZA
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0en_ZA
dc.sourcePLoS Oneen_ZA
dc.source.urihttp://journals.plos.org/plosoneen_ZA
dc.subject.otherHemeen_ZA
dc.subject.otherPhospholipidsen_ZA
dc.subject.otherLipidsen_ZA
dc.subject.otherCrystalsen_ZA
dc.subject.otherCrystallizationen_ZA
dc.subject.otherInsectsen_ZA
dc.subject.otherBlood plasmaen_ZA
dc.subject.otherCrystal structureen_ZA
dc.titleUnsaturated glycerophospholipids mediate heme crystallization: biological implications for hemozoin formation in the kissing bug Rhodnius prolixusen_ZA
dc.typeJournal Articleen_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceArticleen_ZA
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