Tobacco use and nicotine dependence among people living with HIV who drink heavily in South Africa: a cross-sectional baseline study
| dc.contributor.author | Egbe, Catherine O | |
| dc.contributor.author | Londani, Mukhethwa | |
| dc.contributor.author | Parry, Charles D H | |
| dc.contributor.author | Myers, Bronwyn | |
| dc.contributor.author | Shuper, Paul A | |
| dc.contributor.author | Nkosi, Sebenzile | |
| dc.contributor.author | Morojele, Neo K | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2020-01-14T06:50:40Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2020-01-14T06:50:40Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2019-12-16 | |
| dc.date.updated | 2019-12-22T05:18:20Z | |
| dc.description.abstract | Abstract Background People living with HIV (PLWH) who drink alcohol and use tobacco are particularly vulnerable to tobacco-induced diseases due to an already compromised immune system. This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with tobacco use (cigarette and snuff) among PLWH who drink heavily. Methods Participants (n = 623) on antiretroviral therapy for HIV who reported heavy drinking using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and AUDIT-C were recruited from six hospitals in Gauteng Province, South Africa. The Fagerström test was used to assess nicotine dependence. Chi Square tests and modified Poisson regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with tobacco use. Results Almost half of the participants reported ever smoking (44.0%; CI: 40.1–47.9) and about a quarter reported ever using snuff (25.5%; CI: 22.2–29.1). Current smokers and current snuff users comprised 27.3% (CI: 23.9–30.9) and 19.1% (CI: 16.2–22.3) of all participants respectively. Among current smokers, 37.9% (CI: 30.8–45.3) were moderately/highly dependent on nicotine. Current ‘any tobacco product users’ (ATPU: use cigarettes or snuff) were 45.4% (CI: 41.5–49.3) while 1.0% (CI: 0.4–2.0) currently used cigarettes and snuff. Adjusted regression analyses showed that, compared to males, females were less at risk of being: ever smokers (Relative Risk Ratio [RRR] = 0.33; CI: 0.27–0.41), current smokers (RRR = 0.18; CI: 0.12–0.25), and ATPU (RRR = 0.75; CI: 0.63–0.89) but were more at risk of ever snuff use (RRR = 5.23; CI: 3.31–8.25), or current snuff use (RRR = 26.19; CI: 8.32–82.40) than males. Ever snuff users (RRR = 1.32; CI: 1.03–1.70), current snuff users (RRR = 1.40; CI: 1.03–1.89) and ATPU (RRR = 1.27; CI: 1.07–1.51) were more at risk of reporting significant depressive symptoms. We found no significant associations between smoking status and years on ART and viral load. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of cigarette and snuff use among PLWH who drink heavily. Tobacco use cessation interventions tailored specifically for this population and according to their tobacco product of choice are urgently needed given their vulnerability to ill-health. | |
| dc.identifier.apacitation | Egbe, C. O., Londani, M., Parry, C. D. H., Myers, B., Shuper, P. A., Nkosi, S., & Morojele, N. K. (2019). Tobacco use and nicotine dependence among people living with HIV who drink heavily in South Africa: a cross-sectional baseline study. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30720 | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.chicagocitation | Egbe, Catherine O, Mukhethwa Londani, Charles D H Parry, Bronwyn Myers, Paul A Shuper, Sebenzile Nkosi, and Neo K Morojele "Tobacco use and nicotine dependence among people living with HIV who drink heavily in South Africa: a cross-sectional baseline study." (2019) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30720 | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.citation | BMC Public Health. 2019 Dec 16;19(1):1684 | |
| dc.identifier.ris | TY - Journal Article AU - Egbe, Catherine O AU - Londani, Mukhethwa AU - Parry, Charles D H AU - Myers, Bronwyn AU - Shuper, Paul A AU - Nkosi, Sebenzile AU - Morojele, Neo K AB - Abstract Background People living with HIV (PLWH) who drink alcohol and use tobacco are particularly vulnerable to tobacco-induced diseases due to an already compromised immune system. This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with tobacco use (cigarette and snuff) among PLWH who drink heavily. Methods Participants (n = 623) on antiretroviral therapy for HIV who reported heavy drinking using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and AUDIT-C were recruited from six hospitals in Gauteng Province, South Africa. The Fagerström test was used to assess nicotine dependence. Chi Square tests and modified Poisson regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with tobacco use. Results Almost half of the participants reported ever smoking (44.0%; CI: 40.1–47.9) and about a quarter reported ever using snuff (25.5%; CI: 22.2–29.1). Current smokers and current snuff users comprised 27.3% (CI: 23.9–30.9) and 19.1% (CI: 16.2–22.3) of all participants respectively. Among current smokers, 37.9% (CI: 30.8–45.3) were moderately/highly dependent on nicotine. Current ‘any tobacco product users’ (ATPU: use cigarettes or snuff) were 45.4% (CI: 41.5–49.3) while 1.0% (CI: 0.4–2.0) currently used cigarettes and snuff. Adjusted regression analyses showed that, compared to males, females were less at risk of being: ever smokers (Relative Risk Ratio [RRR] = 0.33; CI: 0.27–0.41), current smokers (RRR = 0.18; CI: 0.12–0.25), and ATPU (RRR = 0.75; CI: 0.63–0.89) but were more at risk of ever snuff use (RRR = 5.23; CI: 3.31–8.25), or current snuff use (RRR = 26.19; CI: 8.32–82.40) than males. Ever snuff users (RRR = 1.32; CI: 1.03–1.70), current snuff users (RRR = 1.40; CI: 1.03–1.89) and ATPU (RRR = 1.27; CI: 1.07–1.51) were more at risk of reporting significant depressive symptoms. We found no significant associations between smoking status and years on ART and viral load. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of cigarette and snuff use among PLWH who drink heavily. Tobacco use cessation interventions tailored specifically for this population and according to their tobacco product of choice are urgently needed given their vulnerability to ill-health. DA - 2019-12-16 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town KW - People living with HIV KW - Tobacco use KW - Heavy drinkers KW - South Africa LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PY - 2019 T1 - Tobacco use and nicotine dependence among people living with HIV who drink heavily in South Africa: a cross-sectional baseline study TI - Tobacco use and nicotine dependence among people living with HIV who drink heavily in South Africa: a cross-sectional baseline study UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30720 ER - | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-8047-8 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30720 | |
| dc.identifier.vancouvercitation | Egbe CO, Londani M, Parry CDH, Myers B, Shuper PA, Nkosi S, et al. Tobacco use and nicotine dependence among people living with HIV who drink heavily in South Africa: a cross-sectional baseline study. 2019; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30720. | en_ZA |
| dc.language.rfc3066 | en | |
| dc.rights.holder | The Author(s). | |
| dc.subject | People living with HIV | |
| dc.subject | Tobacco use | |
| dc.subject | Heavy drinkers | |
| dc.subject | South Africa | |
| dc.title | Tobacco use and nicotine dependence among people living with HIV who drink heavily in South Africa: a cross-sectional baseline study | |
| dc.type | Journal Article |