Normative scores for a brief neuropsychological battery for the detection of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) among South Africans

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dc.contributor.authorSingh, Dineshen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorJoska, Johnen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorGoodkin, Karlen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLopez, Enriqueen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMyer, Landonen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorPaul, Roberten_ZA
dc.contributor.authorJohn, Sallyen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSunpath, Henryen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2015-10-28T06:54:28Z
dc.date.available2015-10-28T06:54:28Z
dc.date.issued2010en_ZA
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND:There is an urgent need to more accurately diagnose HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) in Africa. Rapid screening tests for HIV-associated dementia are of limited utility due to variable sensitivity and specificity. The use of selected neuropsychological tests is more appropriate, but norms for HIV seronegative people are not readily available for sub-Saharan African populations. We sought to derive normative scores for two commonly used neuropsychological tests that generate four test scores -- namely the Trail-Making Test (Parts A and B) and the Digit Span Test [Forward (DSF) and Backward (DSB)]. To assess memory and recall, we used the memory item of the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS).FINDINGS:One hundred and ten HIV seronegative participants were assessed at McCord Hospital, Durban, South Africa between March 3rd and October 31st, 2008. We excluded people with major depressive disorder, substance use abuse and dependence and head injuries (with or without loss of consciousness). All the participants in this study were African and predominantly female with an average age of 28.5 years and 10 years of education. Age and gender influenced neuropsychological functioning, with older people performing worse. The effect of gender was not uniform across all the tests. CONCLUSION: These two neuropsychological tests can be administered with the IHDS in busy antiretroviral clinics. Their performance can be measured against these norms to more accurately diagnose the spectrum and progression of HAND.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationSingh, D., Joska, J., Goodkin, K., Lopez, E., Myer, L., Paul, R., ... Sunpath, H. (2010). Normative scores for a brief neuropsychological battery for the detection of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) among South Africans. <i>BMC Research Notes</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14438en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationSingh, Dinesh, John Joska, Karl Goodkin, Enrique Lopez, Landon Myer, Robert Paul, Sally John, and Henry Sunpath "Normative scores for a brief neuropsychological battery for the detection of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) among South Africans." <i>BMC Research Notes</i> (2010) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14438en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationSingh, D., Joska, J. A., Goodkin, K., Lopez, E., Myer, L., Paul, R. H., ... & Sunpath, H. (2010). Normative scores for a brief neuropsychological battery for the detection of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) among South Africans. BMC research notes, 3(1), 28.en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Singh, Dinesh AU - Joska, John AU - Goodkin, Karl AU - Lopez, Enrique AU - Myer, Landon AU - Paul, Robert AU - John, Sally AU - Sunpath, Henry AB - BACKGROUND:There is an urgent need to more accurately diagnose HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) in Africa. Rapid screening tests for HIV-associated dementia are of limited utility due to variable sensitivity and specificity. The use of selected neuropsychological tests is more appropriate, but norms for HIV seronegative people are not readily available for sub-Saharan African populations. We sought to derive normative scores for two commonly used neuropsychological tests that generate four test scores -- namely the Trail-Making Test (Parts A and B) and the Digit Span Test [Forward (DSF) and Backward (DSB)]. To assess memory and recall, we used the memory item of the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS).FINDINGS:One hundred and ten HIV seronegative participants were assessed at McCord Hospital, Durban, South Africa between March 3rd and October 31st, 2008. We excluded people with major depressive disorder, substance use abuse and dependence and head injuries (with or without loss of consciousness). All the participants in this study were African and predominantly female with an average age of 28.5 years and 10 years of education. Age and gender influenced neuropsychological functioning, with older people performing worse. The effect of gender was not uniform across all the tests. CONCLUSION: These two neuropsychological tests can be administered with the IHDS in busy antiretroviral clinics. Their performance can be measured against these norms to more accurately diagnose the spectrum and progression of HAND. DA - 2010 DB - OpenUCT DO - 10.1186/1756-0500-3-28 DP - University of Cape Town J1 - BMC Research Notes LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2010 T1 - Normative scores for a brief neuropsychological battery for the detection of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) among South Africans TI - Normative scores for a brief neuropsychological battery for the detection of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) among South Africans UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14438 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/14438
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-3-28
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationSingh D, Joska J, Goodkin K, Lopez E, Myer L, Paul R, et al. Normative scores for a brief neuropsychological battery for the detection of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) among South Africans. BMC Research Notes. 2010; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14438.en_ZA
dc.language.isoengen_ZA
dc.publisherBioMed Central Ltden_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentDivision of Child and Adolescent Psychiatryen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciencesen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.rightsThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licenseen_ZA
dc.rights.holder2010 Singh et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.en_ZA
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0en_ZA
dc.sourceBMC Research Notesen_ZA
dc.source.urihttp://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcresnotes/en_ZA
dc.subject.otherHIVen_ZA
dc.subject.otherDementiaen_ZA
dc.subject.otherNeuropsychological testsen_ZA
dc.titleNormative scores for a brief neuropsychological battery for the detection of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) among South Africansen_ZA
dc.typeJournal Articleen_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceArticleen_ZA
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