The burden of antenatally undiagnosed major congenital anomalies in live-born babies at a busy secondary level maternity hospital in the Western Cape

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dc.contributor.advisorVan Niekerk, Anika
dc.contributor.advisorKalk, Emma
dc.contributor.authorAmankrah, Melvin
dc.date.accessioned2025-11-10T12:25:50Z
dc.date.available2025-11-10T12:25:50Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.date.updated2025-11-03T06:47:53Z
dc.description.abstractBackground: Major congenital anomalies (MCA) account for considerable morbidity and disability in South Africa (SA) where there is a predicted birth prevalence of 27.5/1000 live births. There are limited data on MCA prevalence and impact on neonatal services in SA, especially the Western Cape province. Objective: To determine the prevalence, characteristics, and short-term outcomes of antenatally-undiagnosed neonates with MCA at Mowbray Maternity Hospital (MMH) in 2022. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study of live-born neonates with MCA admitted to MMH neonatal services between 1 January- 31 December 2022. Stillbirths and antenatally diagnosed MCA neonates were excluded. Cases identified from the ward register and data collected by folder review using a standardized data collection form and analysed using R and Microsoft Excel. Continuous variables, described as medians and interquartile ranges, compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Categorical variables presented as proportions and assessed using chi2test. Results: With 73 neonates included, the in-facility MCA prevalence rate was 36 per 1000 neonatal admissions and 6/1000 live MMH in-born infants. Most (82%) had a basic antenatal ultrasound and 29% a fetal anomaly scan. Syndromic MCA was present in 36% and non-syndromic MCA in 64%. Non-syndromic MCA included isolated genitourinary (21%), orofacial (19%), gastrointestinal (17%) and cardiovascular defects (15%). The most prevalent syndromic MCA was Trisomy 21 (58%). Syndromic MCA was significantly associated with advanced maternal age (³36 years), increased gravidity (³5) and low birth weight (<2500g), p < 0.001. The in-hospital mortality rate was 15%. Conclusion: In this single hospital-based study, the MCA prevalence was high among in-born and referred neonates. Diagnosis was not made antenatally despite a high proportion of women booking early and receiving antenatal ultrasound. Large collaborative registries and studies are recommended to establish the true impact of CA on children and their outcomes in SA.
dc.identifier.apacitationAmankrah, M. (2025). <i>The burden of antenatally undiagnosed major congenital anomalies in live-born babies at a busy secondary level maternity hospital in the Western Cape</i>. (). University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/42172en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationAmankrah, Melvin. <i>"The burden of antenatally undiagnosed major congenital anomalies in live-born babies at a busy secondary level maternity hospital in the Western Cape."</i> ., University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2025. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/42172en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationAmankrah, M. 2025. The burden of antenatally undiagnosed major congenital anomalies in live-born babies at a busy secondary level maternity hospital in the Western Cape. . University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/42172en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Thesis / Dissertation AU - Amankrah, Melvin AB - Background: Major congenital anomalies (MCA) account for considerable morbidity and disability in South Africa (SA) where there is a predicted birth prevalence of 27.5/1000 live births. There are limited data on MCA prevalence and impact on neonatal services in SA, especially the Western Cape province. Objective: To determine the prevalence, characteristics, and short-term outcomes of antenatally-undiagnosed neonates with MCA at Mowbray Maternity Hospital (MMH) in 2022. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study of live-born neonates with MCA admitted to MMH neonatal services between 1 January- 31 December 2022. Stillbirths and antenatally diagnosed MCA neonates were excluded. Cases identified from the ward register and data collected by folder review using a standardized data collection form and analysed using R and Microsoft Excel. Continuous variables, described as medians and interquartile ranges, compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Categorical variables presented as proportions and assessed using chi2test. Results: With 73 neonates included, the in-facility MCA prevalence rate was 36 per 1000 neonatal admissions and 6/1000 live MMH in-born infants. Most (82%) had a basic antenatal ultrasound and 29% a fetal anomaly scan. Syndromic MCA was present in 36% and non-syndromic MCA in 64%. Non-syndromic MCA included isolated genitourinary (21%), orofacial (19%), gastrointestinal (17%) and cardiovascular defects (15%). The most prevalent syndromic MCA was Trisomy 21 (58%). Syndromic MCA was significantly associated with advanced maternal age (³36 years), increased gravidity (³5) and low birth weight (<2500g), p < 0.001. The in-hospital mortality rate was 15%. Conclusion: In this single hospital-based study, the MCA prevalence was high among in-born and referred neonates. Diagnosis was not made antenatally despite a high proportion of women booking early and receiving antenatal ultrasound. Large collaborative registries and studies are recommended to establish the true impact of CA on children and their outcomes in SA. DA - 2025 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town KW - Babies KW - Maternity hospital KW - Western Cape LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2025 T1 - The burden of antenatally undiagnosed major congenital anomalies in live-born babies at a busy secondary level maternity hospital in the Western Cape TI - The burden of antenatally undiagnosed major congenital anomalies in live-born babies at a busy secondary level maternity hospital in the Western Cape UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/42172 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/42172
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationAmankrah M. The burden of antenatally undiagnosed major congenital anomalies in live-born babies at a busy secondary level maternity hospital in the Western Cape. []. University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2025 [cited yyyy month dd]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/42172en_ZA
dc.language.isoen
dc.language.rfc3066eng
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciences
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.subjectBabies
dc.subjectMaternity hospital
dc.subjectWestern Cape
dc.titleThe burden of antenatally undiagnosed major congenital anomalies in live-born babies at a busy secondary level maternity hospital in the Western Cape
dc.typeThesis / Dissertation
dc.type.qualificationlevelMasters
dc.type.qualificationlevelMMed
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