Factors associated with excessive body fat in men and women: cross-sectional data from Black South Africans living in a rural community and an urban township

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dc.contributor.authorOkop, Kufre Josephen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLevitt, Naomien_ZA
dc.contributor.authorPuoane, Thandien_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2015-12-20T16:04:20Z
dc.date.available2015-12-20T16:04:20Z
dc.date.issued2015en_ZA
dc.description.abstractObjective To determine the factors associated with excessive body fat among black African men and women living in rural and urban communities of South Africa. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study, Cape Town, South Africa conducted in 2009/2010. The study sample included 1220 participants (77.2% women) aged 35-70 years, for whom anthropometric measurements were obtained and risk factors documented through face-to-face interviews using validated international PURE study protocols. Sex-specific logistic regression models were used to evaluate socio-demographic, lifestyle and psychological factors associated with three excessive body fat indicators, namely body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and body fat percent (BF%). RESULTS: The prevalence of excessive body fat based on BF%, WC and BMI cut-offs were 96.0%, 86.1%, and 81.6% for women respectively, and 62.2%, 25.9%, and 36.0% for men respectively. The significant odds of excessive body fat among the currently married compared to unmarried were 4.1 (95% CI: 1.3-12.5) for BF% and 1.9 (95% CI: 1.3-2.9) for BMI among women; and 4.9 (95% CI: 2.6-9.6), 3.2 (95% CI: 1.6-6.4) and 3.6 (95% CI: 1.9-6.8) for BF%, WC and BMI respectively among men. Age ≤50 years (compared to age >50 years) was inversely associated with excessive BF% in men and women, and less-than-a-college education was inversely associated with excessive BMI and WC in men. Tobacco smoking was inversely associated with all three excessive adiposity indicators in women but not in men. Unemployment, depression, and stress did not predict excessive body fat in men or women. CONCLUSION: The sex-differences in the socio-demographic and lifestyle factors associated with the high levels of excessive body fat in urban and rural women and men should be considered in packaging interventions to reduce obesity in these communities.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationOkop, K. J., Levitt, N., & Puoane, T. (2015). Factors associated with excessive body fat in men and women: cross-sectional data from Black South Africans living in a rural community and an urban township. <i>PLoS One</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15913en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationOkop, Kufre Joseph, Naomi Levitt, and Thandi Puoane "Factors associated with excessive body fat in men and women: cross-sectional data from Black South Africans living in a rural community and an urban township." <i>PLoS One</i> (2015) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15913en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationOkop, K. J., Levitt, N., & Puoane, T. (2015). Factors associated with excessive body fat in men and women: cross-sectional data from Black South Africans living in a rural community and an urban township. PloS one, 10(10), e0140153. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140153en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Okop, Kufre Joseph AU - Levitt, Naomi AU - Puoane, Thandi AB - Objective To determine the factors associated with excessive body fat among black African men and women living in rural and urban communities of South Africa. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study, Cape Town, South Africa conducted in 2009/2010. The study sample included 1220 participants (77.2% women) aged 35-70 years, for whom anthropometric measurements were obtained and risk factors documented through face-to-face interviews using validated international PURE study protocols. Sex-specific logistic regression models were used to evaluate socio-demographic, lifestyle and psychological factors associated with three excessive body fat indicators, namely body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and body fat percent (BF%). RESULTS: The prevalence of excessive body fat based on BF%, WC and BMI cut-offs were 96.0%, 86.1%, and 81.6% for women respectively, and 62.2%, 25.9%, and 36.0% for men respectively. The significant odds of excessive body fat among the currently married compared to unmarried were 4.1 (95% CI: 1.3-12.5) for BF% and 1.9 (95% CI: 1.3-2.9) for BMI among women; and 4.9 (95% CI: 2.6-9.6), 3.2 (95% CI: 1.6-6.4) and 3.6 (95% CI: 1.9-6.8) for BF%, WC and BMI respectively among men. Age ≤50 years (compared to age >50 years) was inversely associated with excessive BF% in men and women, and less-than-a-college education was inversely associated with excessive BMI and WC in men. Tobacco smoking was inversely associated with all three excessive adiposity indicators in women but not in men. Unemployment, depression, and stress did not predict excessive body fat in men or women. CONCLUSION: The sex-differences in the socio-demographic and lifestyle factors associated with the high levels of excessive body fat in urban and rural women and men should be considered in packaging interventions to reduce obesity in these communities. DA - 2015 DB - OpenUCT DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0140153 DP - University of Cape Town J1 - PLoS One LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2015 T1 - Factors associated with excessive body fat in men and women: cross-sectional data from Black South Africans living in a rural community and an urban township TI - Factors associated with excessive body fat in men and women: cross-sectional data from Black South Africans living in a rural community and an urban township UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15913 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/15913
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140153
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationOkop KJ, Levitt N, Puoane T. Factors associated with excessive body fat in men and women: cross-sectional data from Black South Africans living in a rural community and an urban township. PLoS One. 2015; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15913.en_ZA
dc.language.isoengen_ZA
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentDivision of Endocrinology and Diabetologyen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciencesen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.rightsThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.en_ZA
dc.rights.holder© 2015 Okop et alen_ZA
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0en_ZA
dc.sourcePLoS Oneen_ZA
dc.source.urihttp://journals.plos.org/plosoneen_ZA
dc.subject.otherObesityen_ZA
dc.subject.otherBody mass indexen_ZA
dc.subject.otherAdultsen_ZA
dc.subject.otherBody weighten_ZA
dc.subject.otherAfricansen_ZA
dc.subject.otherBehavioren_ZA
dc.subject.otherDepressionen_ZA
dc.subject.otherSouth Africaen_ZA
dc.titleFactors associated with excessive body fat in men and women: cross-sectional data from Black South Africans living in a rural community and an urban townshipen_ZA
dc.typeJournal Articleen_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceArticleen_ZA
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