The 'pay to be paid' rule shipowner's bankruptcy and direct actions against P & I clubs
| dc.contributor.advisor | Hare, John | |
| dc.contributor.author | Finnern, Christian | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-05-20T11:24:35Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-05-20T11:24:35Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2007 | |
| dc.date.updated | 2026-05-20T10:10:24Z | |
| dc.description.abstract | The insurance cover rendered by Protection & Indemnity Clubs ("P&I Clubs") is as essential for shipowners' business in the 21st century as it was for shipowners when the first of those insurance associations, the Shipowners' Mutual Protection Society, was established by Peter Tindall in 1855. 1 Thereby, he reacted upon the necessity to protect the shipowners of those days against the possibility of unlimited liability. Such a risk was probably due to a considerable potential increase of liability caused by the technological developments of the 19th century, in particular the newly developed possibilities of steam ships. Before this association was established, shipowners were not able to obtain insurance cover for the whole value of their vessel, because hull insurers accomplish no more than a 'limited public liability protection' covering only three-quarters of a claim; a shipowner therefore had to cover the last quarter by himself.2 The last quarter was in turn covered by virtue of his membership in one of the newly established associations. | |
| dc.identifier.apacitation | Finnern, C. (2007). <i>The 'pay to be paid' rule shipowner's bankruptcy and direct actions against P & I clubs</i>. (). University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Law ,Centre for Law and Society. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/43259 | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.chicagocitation | Finnern, Christian. <i>"The 'pay to be paid' rule shipowner's bankruptcy and direct actions against P & I clubs."</i> ., University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Law ,Centre for Law and Society, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/43259 | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.citation | Finnern, C. 2007. The 'pay to be paid' rule shipowner's bankruptcy and direct actions against P & I clubs. . University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Law ,Centre for Law and Society. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/43259 | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.ris | TY - Thesis / Dissertation AU - Finnern, Christian AB - The insurance cover rendered by Protection & Indemnity Clubs ("P&I Clubs") is as essential for shipowners' business in the 21st century as it was for shipowners when the first of those insurance associations, the Shipowners' Mutual Protection Society, was established by Peter Tindall in 1855. 1 Thereby, he reacted upon the necessity to protect the shipowners of those days against the possibility of unlimited liability. Such a risk was probably due to a considerable potential increase of liability caused by the technological developments of the 19th century, in particular the newly developed possibilities of steam ships. Before this association was established, shipowners were not able to obtain insurance cover for the whole value of their vessel, because hull insurers accomplish no more than a 'limited public liability protection' covering only three-quarters of a claim; a shipowner therefore had to cover the last quarter by himself.2 The last quarter was in turn covered by virtue of his membership in one of the newly established associations. DA - 2007 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town KW - The Westernhope KW - Cape Town KW - North of England Protection Association LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2007 T1 - The 'pay to be paid' rule shipowner's bankruptcy and direct actions against P & I clubs TI - The 'pay to be paid' rule shipowner's bankruptcy and direct actions against P & I clubs UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/43259 ER - | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11427/43259 | |
| dc.identifier.vancouvercitation | Finnern C. The 'pay to be paid' rule shipowner's bankruptcy and direct actions against P & I clubs. []. University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Law ,Centre for Law and Society, 2007 [cited yyyy month dd]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/43259 | en_ZA |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.language.rfc3066 | eng | |
| dc.publisher.department | Centre for Law and Society | |
| dc.publisher.faculty | Faculty of Law | |
| dc.publisher.institution | University of Cape Town | |
| dc.subject | The Westernhope | |
| dc.subject | Cape Town | |
| dc.subject | North of England Protection Association | |
| dc.title | The 'pay to be paid' rule shipowner's bankruptcy and direct actions against P & I clubs | |
| dc.type | Thesis / Dissertation | |
| dc.type.qualificationlevel | Masters | |
| dc.type.qualificationlevel | LLM |