Schools of public health in low and middle-income countries: an imperative investment for improving the health of populations?

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dc.contributor.authorRabbani, Fauziah
dc.contributor.authorShipton, Leah
dc.contributor.authorWhite, Franklin
dc.contributor.authorNuwayhid, Iman
dc.contributor.authorLondon, Leslie
dc.contributor.authorGhaffar, Abdul
dc.contributor.authorHa, Bui T T
dc.contributor.authorTomson, Göran
dc.contributor.authorRimal, Rajiv
dc.contributor.authorIslam, Anwar
dc.contributor.authorTakian, Amirhossein
dc.contributor.authorWong, Samuel
dc.contributor.authorZaidi, Shehla
dc.contributor.authorKhan, Kausar
dc.contributor.authorKarmaliani, Rozina
dc.contributor.authorAbbasi, Imran N
dc.contributor.authorAbbas, Farhat
dc.date.accessioned2016-10-19T07:46:34Z
dc.date.available2016-10-19T07:46:34Z
dc.date.issued2016-09-07
dc.date.updated2016-09-07T18:02:07Z
dc.description.abstractBackground: Public health has multicultural origins. By the close of the nineteenth century, Schools of Public Health (SPHs) began to emerge in western countries in response to major contemporary public health challenges. The Flexner Report (1910) emphasized the centrality of preventive medicine, sanitation, and public health measures in health professional education. The Alma Ata Declaration on Primary Health Care (PHC) in 1978 was a critical milestone, especially for low and middle-income countries (LMICs), conceptualizing a close working relationship between PHC and public health measures. The Commission on Social Determinants of Health (2005–2008) strengthened the case for SPHs in LMICs as key stakeholders in efforts to reduce global health inequities. This scoping review groups text into public health challenges faced by LMICs and the role of SPHs in addressing these challenges. Main text: The challenges faced by LMICs include rapid urbanization, environmental degradation, unfair terms of global trade, limited capacity for equitable growth, mass displacements associated with conflicts and natural disasters, and universal health coverage. Poor governance and externally imposed donor policies and agendas, further strain the fragile health systems of LMICs faced with epidemiological transition. Moreover barriers to education and research imposed by limited resources, political and economic instability, and unbalanced partnerships additionally aggravate the crisis. To address these contextual challenges effectively, SPHs are offering broad based health professional education, conducting multidisciplinary population based research and fostering collaborative partnerships. SPHs are also looked upon as the key drivers to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). Conclusion: SPHs in LMICs can contribute to overcoming several public health challenges being faced by LMICs, including achieving SDGs. Most importantly they can develop cadres of competent and well-motivated public health professionals: educators, practitioners and researchers who ask questions that address fundamental health determinants, seek solutions as agents of change within their mandates, provide specific services and serve as advocates for multilevel partnerships. Funding support, human resources, and agency are unfortunately often limited or curtailed in LMICs, and this requires constructive collaboration between LMICs and counterpart institutions from high income countries.
dc.identifier.apacitationRabbani, F., Shipton, L., White, F., Nuwayhid, I., London, L., Ghaffar, A., ... Abbas, F. (2016). Schools of public health in low and middle-income countries: an imperative investment for improving the health of populations?. <i>BMC Public Health</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22191en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationRabbani, Fauziah, Leah Shipton, Franklin White, Iman Nuwayhid, Leslie London, Abdul Ghaffar, Bui T T Ha, et al "Schools of public health in low and middle-income countries: an imperative investment for improving the health of populations?." <i>BMC Public Health</i> (2016) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22191en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationRabbani, F., Shipton, L., White, F., Nuwayhid, I., London, L., Ghaffar, A., ... & Takian, A. (2016). Schools of public health in low and middle-income countries: an imperative investment for improving the health of populations?. BMC public health, 16(1), 941.
dc.identifier.issn1471-2458
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Rabbani, Fauziah AU - Shipton, Leah AU - White, Franklin AU - Nuwayhid, Iman AU - London, Leslie AU - Ghaffar, Abdul AU - Ha, Bui T T AU - Tomson, Göran AU - Rimal, Rajiv AU - Islam, Anwar AU - Takian, Amirhossein AU - Wong, Samuel AU - Zaidi, Shehla AU - Khan, Kausar AU - Karmaliani, Rozina AU - Abbasi, Imran N AU - Abbas, Farhat AB - Background: Public health has multicultural origins. By the close of the nineteenth century, Schools of Public Health (SPHs) began to emerge in western countries in response to major contemporary public health challenges. The Flexner Report (1910) emphasized the centrality of preventive medicine, sanitation, and public health measures in health professional education. The Alma Ata Declaration on Primary Health Care (PHC) in 1978 was a critical milestone, especially for low and middle-income countries (LMICs), conceptualizing a close working relationship between PHC and public health measures. The Commission on Social Determinants of Health (2005–2008) strengthened the case for SPHs in LMICs as key stakeholders in efforts to reduce global health inequities. This scoping review groups text into public health challenges faced by LMICs and the role of SPHs in addressing these challenges. Main text: The challenges faced by LMICs include rapid urbanization, environmental degradation, unfair terms of global trade, limited capacity for equitable growth, mass displacements associated with conflicts and natural disasters, and universal health coverage. Poor governance and externally imposed donor policies and agendas, further strain the fragile health systems of LMICs faced with epidemiological transition. Moreover barriers to education and research imposed by limited resources, political and economic instability, and unbalanced partnerships additionally aggravate the crisis. To address these contextual challenges effectively, SPHs are offering broad based health professional education, conducting multidisciplinary population based research and fostering collaborative partnerships. SPHs are also looked upon as the key drivers to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). Conclusion: SPHs in LMICs can contribute to overcoming several public health challenges being faced by LMICs, including achieving SDGs. Most importantly they can develop cadres of competent and well-motivated public health professionals: educators, practitioners and researchers who ask questions that address fundamental health determinants, seek solutions as agents of change within their mandates, provide specific services and serve as advocates for multilevel partnerships. Funding support, human resources, and agency are unfortunately often limited or curtailed in LMICs, and this requires constructive collaboration between LMICs and counterpart institutions from high income countries. DA - 2016-09-07 DB - OpenUCT DO - 10.1186/s12889-016-3616-6 DP - University of Cape Town J1 - BMC Public Health KW - Schools of public health KW - Low and middle income countries KW - Universal health coverage KW - Social determinants of health KW - Healthcare KW - Public health education KW - Health research KW - Policy development KW - Collaboration KW - Partnerships LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2016 SM - 1471-2458 T1 - Schools of public health in low and middle-income countries: an imperative investment for improving the health of populations? TI - Schools of public health in low and middle-income countries: an imperative investment for improving the health of populations? UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22191 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3616-6
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/22191
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationRabbani F, Shipton L, White F, Nuwayhid I, London L, Ghaffar A, et al. Schools of public health in low and middle-income countries: an imperative investment for improving the health of populations?. BMC Public Health. 2016; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22191.en_ZA
dc.language.rfc3066en
dc.publisherBioMed Central
dc.publisher.departmentDivision of Public Healthen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciencesen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
dc.rights.holderThe Author(s)
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.sourceBMC Public Health
dc.source.urihttps://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/
dc.subjectSchools of public health
dc.subjectLow and middle income countries
dc.subjectUniversal health coverage
dc.subjectSocial determinants of health
dc.subjectHealthcare
dc.subjectPublic health education
dc.subjectHealth research
dc.subjectPolicy development
dc.subjectCollaboration
dc.subjectPartnerships
dc.titleSchools of public health in low and middle-income countries: an imperative investment for improving the health of populations?
dc.typeJournal Article
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.resourceResearchen_ZA
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