Resurgence of tribal levies: double taxation for the rural poor
| dc.contributor.author | Claassens, Aninka | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2016-04-11T10:52:42Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2016-04-11T10:52:42Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2011 | |
| dc.date.updated | 2016-04-01T13:25:42Z | |
| dc.description.abstract | People in the former homelands waged a successful battle against the imposition of 'tribal levies' during the anti-apartheid struggle. Recently, however, there has been a resurgence of traditional authorities demanding annual levies. Those who refuse to pay cannot access government grants and identity books. This article argues that recent laws bolstering the powers of traditional leaders have contributed to this resurgence. It argues that the laws undermine the citizenship rights of the poorest South Africans as well as their ability to hold traditional leaders to account. It suggests that the laws have been ambiguously worded in an attempt to disguise the fact that they are inconsistent with the Constitution. It rebuts the argument that annual tribal levies are consistent with and justified by customary law, by describing their colonial and apartheid genesis. | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier | http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2011/v0i35a865 | |
| dc.identifier.apacitation | Claassens, A. (2011). Resurgence of tribal levies: double taxation for the rural poor. <i>South African Crime Quarterly</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18745 | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.chicagocitation | Claassens, Aninka "Resurgence of tribal levies: double taxation for the rural poor." <i>South African Crime Quarterly</i> (2011) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18745 | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.citation | Claassens, A. (2011). Resurgence of tribal levies: double taxation for the rural poor. South African Crime Quarterly, 35, 11-16. | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.issn | 2413-3108 | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.ris | TY - Journal Article AU - Claassens, Aninka AB - People in the former homelands waged a successful battle against the imposition of 'tribal levies' during the anti-apartheid struggle. Recently, however, there has been a resurgence of traditional authorities demanding annual levies. Those who refuse to pay cannot access government grants and identity books. This article argues that recent laws bolstering the powers of traditional leaders have contributed to this resurgence. It argues that the laws undermine the citizenship rights of the poorest South Africans as well as their ability to hold traditional leaders to account. It suggests that the laws have been ambiguously worded in an attempt to disguise the fact that they are inconsistent with the Constitution. It rebuts the argument that annual tribal levies are consistent with and justified by customary law, by describing their colonial and apartheid genesis. DA - 2011 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town J1 - South African Crime Quarterly LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2011 SM - 2413-3108 T1 - Resurgence of tribal levies: double taxation for the rural poor TI - Resurgence of tribal levies: double taxation for the rural poor UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18745 ER - | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18745 | |
| dc.identifier.vancouvercitation | Claassens A. Resurgence of tribal levies: double taxation for the rural poor. South African Crime Quarterly. 2011; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18745. | en_ZA |
| dc.language | eng | en_ZA |
| dc.publisher | Academy of Science of South Africa | en_ZA |
| dc.publisher.department | Department of Public Law | en_ZA |
| dc.publisher.faculty | Faculty of Law | en_ZA |
| dc.publisher.institution | University of Cape Town | |
| dc.rights | Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) | * |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | en_ZA |
| dc.source | South African Crime Quarterly | en_ZA |
| dc.source.uri | http://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sacq | |
| dc.source.uri | http://journals.assaf.org.za/index.php/sacq/article/view/865 | |
| dc.subject.other | tribal levies | |
| dc.subject.other | homelands | |
| dc.subject.other | traditional authorities | |
| dc.subject.other | legislation | |
| dc.subject.other | traditional leaders | |
| dc.subject.other | South Africa | |
| dc.subject.other | constitution | |
| dc.subject.other | customary law | |
| dc.title | Resurgence of tribal levies: double taxation for the rural poor | en_ZA |
| dc.type | Journal Article | en_ZA |
| uct.type.filetype | Text | |
| uct.type.filetype | Image | |
| uct.type.publication | Research | en_ZA |
| uct.type.resource | Article | en_ZA |