Recovery of Na2SO4·10H2O from a reverse osmosis retentate by eutectic freeze crystallisation technology.
| dc.contributor.author | Reddy, S T | |
| dc.contributor.author | Lewis, A E | |
| dc.contributor.author | Witkamp, G J | |
| dc.contributor.author | Kramer, H J M | |
| dc.contributor.author | van Spronsen, J | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2016-07-26T11:07:20Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2016-07-26T11:07:20Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2010 | |
| dc.date.updated | 2016-07-26T11:06:18Z | |
| dc.description.abstract | The increasing amount of waste water and effluent from South Africa’s mining industry forms a growing problem, which processing requires sustainable solutions in which both the water and the dissolved component can be reused. Eutectic freeze crystallisation (EFC) has been identified as a key technology that is not only energy efficient, but also produces ice and salt products of high quality. Unlike reverse osmosis membrane systems, EFC can treat both dilute and concentrated systems minimising waste water volumes. In this paper it is shown that freeze and eutectic freeze crystallisation can be used for the processing of a reverse osmosis retentate stream containing 4% NaSO4 and a number of impurities (F, Cl, K, Li, Mg, Ca, NO3 and NH4), producing both pure water and NaSO4•10H2O crystals. The influence of the impurities on the eutectic point and on the crystal structure of mirabilite was investigated using EFC technology investigated for a pure binary system, for a synthetic reverse osmosis retentate as well as for a concentrated NaCl system. In addition, investigations into the recovery and purity of mirabilite for these streams were conducted. | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2010.01.010 | |
| dc.identifier.apacitation | Reddy, S. T., Lewis, A. E., Witkamp, G. J., Kramer, H. J. M., & van Spronsen, J. (2010). Recovery of Na2SO4·10H2O from a reverse osmosis retentate by eutectic freeze crystallisation technology. <i>Chemical Engineering Research and Design</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20761 | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.chicagocitation | Reddy, S T, A E Lewis, G J Witkamp, H J M Kramer, and J van Spronsen "Recovery of Na2SO4·10H2O from a reverse osmosis retentate by eutectic freeze crystallisation technology." <i>Chemical Engineering Research and Design</i> (2010) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20761 | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.citation | Reddy, S. T., Lewis, A. E., Witkamp, G. J., Kramer, H. J. M., & Van Spronsen, J. (2010). Recovery of Na 2 SO 4· 10H 2 O from a reverse osmosis retentate by eutectic freeze crystallisation technology. Chemical engineering research and design, 88(9), 1153-1157. | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.issn | 0263-8762 | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.ris | TY - Journal Article AU - Reddy, S T AU - Lewis, A E AU - Witkamp, G J AU - Kramer, H J M AU - van Spronsen, J AB - The increasing amount of waste water and effluent from South Africa’s mining industry forms a growing problem, which processing requires sustainable solutions in which both the water and the dissolved component can be reused. Eutectic freeze crystallisation (EFC) has been identified as a key technology that is not only energy efficient, but also produces ice and salt products of high quality. Unlike reverse osmosis membrane systems, EFC can treat both dilute and concentrated systems minimising waste water volumes. In this paper it is shown that freeze and eutectic freeze crystallisation can be used for the processing of a reverse osmosis retentate stream containing 4% NaSO4 and a number of impurities (F, Cl, K, Li, Mg, Ca, NO3 and NH4), producing both pure water and NaSO4•10H2O crystals. The influence of the impurities on the eutectic point and on the crystal structure of mirabilite was investigated using EFC technology investigated for a pure binary system, for a synthetic reverse osmosis retentate as well as for a concentrated NaCl system. In addition, investigations into the recovery and purity of mirabilite for these streams were conducted. DA - 2010 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town J1 - Chemical Engineering Research and Design LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2010 SM - 0263-8762 T1 - Recovery of Na2SO4·10H2O from a reverse osmosis retentate by eutectic freeze crystallisation technology TI - Recovery of Na2SO4·10H2O from a reverse osmosis retentate by eutectic freeze crystallisation technology UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20761 ER - | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20761 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263876210000146 | |
| dc.identifier.vancouvercitation | Reddy ST, Lewis AE, Witkamp GJ, Kramer HJM, van Spronsen J. Recovery of Na2SO4·10H2O from a reverse osmosis retentate by eutectic freeze crystallisation technology. Chemical Engineering Research and Design. 2010; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20761. | en_ZA |
| dc.language | eng | en_ZA |
| dc.publisher | Elsevier | en_ZA |
| dc.publisher.institution | University of Cape Town | |
| dc.source | Chemical Engineering Research and Design | en_ZA |
| dc.source.uri | http://www.journals.elsevier.com/chemical-engineering-research-and-design/ | |
| dc.subject.other | Eutectic freeze crystallisation | |
| dc.subject.other | Sodium sulphate decahydrate | |
| dc.subject.other | Crystallisation | |
| dc.subject.other | Brine | |
| dc.title | Recovery of Na2SO4·10H2O from a reverse osmosis retentate by eutectic freeze crystallisation technology. | en_ZA |
| dc.type | Journal Article | en_ZA |
| uct.type.filetype | Text | |
| uct.type.filetype | Image | |
| uct.type.publication | Research | en_ZA |
| uct.type.resource | Article | en_ZA |