An Ultra-Low Temperature Transcritical R744 Refrigeration System for Future Detectors at CERN LHC

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dc.contributor.authorBarroca, Pierre
dc.contributor.authorHafner, Armin
dc.contributor.authorVerlaat, Bart
dc.contributor.authorPetagna, Paolo
dc.contributor.authorHulek, Wojciech
dc.contributor.authorZwalinski, Lukasz
dc.contributor.authorHanf, Pierre
dc.contributor.authorBattistin, Michele
dc.contributor.authorDavoine, Loic
dc.contributor.authorTeixeira, Daniella
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-07T14:30:17Z
dc.date.available2021-10-07T14:30:17Z
dc.date.issued2021-08-11
dc.date.updated2021-08-26T13:27:44Z
dc.description.abstractThe cooling systems of the future tracking detectors of the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will be entirely based on CO2 refrigeration technology. The system is a booster refrigeration system, composed of a two stage primary part with transcritical R744 equipment and a low temperature secondary CO2 pumped loop. The primary refrigeration sub-system installed on surface provides cold R744 at −53 °C to the CO2 pumped loops installed 100 m underground and rejects the heat exchanged. The process must be reliable and remain stable regardless of the amount of heat exchanged, which will amount to hundreds of kilowatts and is expected to vary throughout the lifetime of the detectors. The paper discusses the concept adopted for the innovative transcritical R744 cycle and describes the technical details of the first prototype built.en_US
dc.identifierdoi: 10.3390/app11167399
dc.identifier.apacitationBarroca, P., Hafner, A., Verlaat, B., Petagna, P., Hulek, W., Zwalinski, L., ... Teixeira, D. (2021). An Ultra-Low Temperature Transcritical R744 Refrigeration System for Future Detectors at CERN LHC. <i>Applied Sciences</i>, 11(16), 7399. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34198en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationBarroca, Pierre, Armin Hafner, Bart Verlaat, Paolo Petagna, Wojciech Hulek, Lukasz Zwalinski, Pierre Hanf, Michele Battistin, Loic Davoine, and Daniella Teixeira "An Ultra-Low Temperature Transcritical R744 Refrigeration System for Future Detectors at CERN LHC." <i>Applied Sciences</i> 11, 16. (2021): 7399. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34198en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationBarroca, P., Hafner, A., Verlaat, B., Petagna, P., Hulek, W., Zwalinski, L., Hanf, P. & Battistin, M. et al. 2021. An Ultra-Low Temperature Transcritical R744 Refrigeration System for Future Detectors at CERN LHC. <i>Applied Sciences.</i> 11(16):7399. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34198en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Barroca, Pierre AU - Hafner, Armin AU - Verlaat, Bart AU - Petagna, Paolo AU - Hulek, Wojciech AU - Zwalinski, Lukasz AU - Hanf, Pierre AU - Battistin, Michele AU - Davoine, Loic AU - Teixeira, Daniella AB - The cooling systems of the future tracking detectors of the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will be entirely based on CO2 refrigeration technology. The system is a booster refrigeration system, composed of a two stage primary part with transcritical R744 equipment and a low temperature secondary CO2 pumped loop. The primary refrigeration sub-system installed on surface provides cold R744 at −53 °C to the CO2 pumped loops installed 100 m underground and rejects the heat exchanged. The process must be reliable and remain stable regardless of the amount of heat exchanged, which will amount to hundreds of kilowatts and is expected to vary throughout the lifetime of the detectors. The paper discusses the concept adopted for the innovative transcritical R744 cycle and describes the technical details of the first prototype built. DA - 2021-08-11 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town IS - 16 J1 - Applied Sciences LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PY - 2021 T1 - An Ultra-Low Temperature Transcritical R744 Refrigeration System for Future Detectors at CERN LHC TI - An Ultra-Low Temperature Transcritical R744 Refrigeration System for Future Detectors at CERN LHC UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34198 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/34198
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationBarroca P, Hafner A, Verlaat B, Petagna P, Hulek W, Zwalinski L, et al. An Ultra-Low Temperature Transcritical R744 Refrigeration System for Future Detectors at CERN LHC. Applied Sciences. 2021;11(16):7399. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34198.en_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Engineering and the Built Environmenten_US
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_US
dc.sourceApplied Sciencesen_US
dc.source.journalissue16en_US
dc.source.journalvolume11en_US
dc.source.pagination7399en_US
dc.source.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci
dc.titleAn Ultra-Low Temperature Transcritical R744 Refrigeration System for Future Detectors at CERN LHCen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
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