An investigation into the potential mutagenicity of South African traditional medicinal plants

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dc.contributor.advisorParker, MIen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorNair, Amathenien_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2014-07-29T09:08:49Z
dc.date.available2014-07-29T09:08:49Z
dc.date.issued2010en_ZA
dc.description.abstractThe potential mutagenicity and clastogenicity (ability to cause chromosomal damage) of five South African traditional medicinal plants: Acokanthera oppositifolia (Lam.); Pelargonium sp. cf. inquinans ( L.) L Herit; Pteridium aquilinum subsp aquilinum; Rumex lanceolatus Thunb. and Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Sg, were investigated using two in vitro tests in both a bacterial and a mammalian cell system. The Salmonella reverse mutation assay and chromosomal aberration test, two frequently used and accepted pharmacological bioassays, were selected for the investigation. The rat liver extract (S9), containing CYP P450 and other liver enzymes, was added to the in vitro cell system to detect pro-mutagens that require metabolic activation in order to exert mutagenicity or clastogenicity - directly acting mutagens do not require metabolic activation. A significant mutagenic potential (p 0.01) was evident with the Salmonella reverse mutation assay for three of the aqueous plant extracts: (i) R. lanceolatus (in strains TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102) with and without metabolic activation (S9), (ii) P. aquilinum in TA100 with S9 and in TA102 without S9 and (iii) Pelargonium (in TA102) without S9. Furthermore, R. lanceolatus and P. aquilinum were clastogenic in the chromosomal aberration test but this effect was reduced with S9. Z. aethiopica demonstrated clastogenicity, which was reduced with S9, but the extract was not mutagenic. Since the chromosomal aberration test is dependent on cells entering the cell cycle (Go-G1, S and G2-M) and chromosome visibility with light microscopy only occurs at metaphase, the clastogenicity of A. oppositifolia and Pelargonium could not be detected because these extracts inhibited mitosis (M). A DNA analysis of cultures treated with A. oppositifolia and Pelargonium by Flow Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) indicated a blockage in the Go/G1 phase of the cell cycle. The in vitro mutagenicity and clastogenicity tests served as a preliminary investigation into the safety of five traditional plants. In addition to mutagenicity testing, it is suggested that further scientific evaluation, validation, standardisation and regulation of South African traditional medicine is essential in order to prevent the adverse acute and chronic effects of plant ingestion. iiien_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationNair, A. (2010). <i>An investigation into the potential mutagenicity of South African traditional medicinal plants</i>. (Thesis). University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Medicine. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3440en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationNair, Amatheni. <i>"An investigation into the potential mutagenicity of South African traditional medicinal plants."</i> Thesis., University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Medicine, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3440en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationNair, A. 2010. An investigation into the potential mutagenicity of South African traditional medicinal plants. University of Cape Town.en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Thesis / Dissertation AU - Nair, Amatheni AB - The potential mutagenicity and clastogenicity (ability to cause chromosomal damage) of five South African traditional medicinal plants: Acokanthera oppositifolia (Lam.); Pelargonium sp. cf. inquinans ( L.) L Herit; Pteridium aquilinum subsp aquilinum; Rumex lanceolatus Thunb. and Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Sg, were investigated using two in vitro tests in both a bacterial and a mammalian cell system. The Salmonella reverse mutation assay and chromosomal aberration test, two frequently used and accepted pharmacological bioassays, were selected for the investigation. The rat liver extract (S9), containing CYP P450 and other liver enzymes, was added to the in vitro cell system to detect pro-mutagens that require metabolic activation in order to exert mutagenicity or clastogenicity - directly acting mutagens do not require metabolic activation. A significant mutagenic potential (p 0.01) was evident with the Salmonella reverse mutation assay for three of the aqueous plant extracts: (i) R. lanceolatus (in strains TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102) with and without metabolic activation (S9), (ii) P. aquilinum in TA100 with S9 and in TA102 without S9 and (iii) Pelargonium (in TA102) without S9. Furthermore, R. lanceolatus and P. aquilinum were clastogenic in the chromosomal aberration test but this effect was reduced with S9. Z. aethiopica demonstrated clastogenicity, which was reduced with S9, but the extract was not mutagenic. Since the chromosomal aberration test is dependent on cells entering the cell cycle (Go-G1, S and G2-M) and chromosome visibility with light microscopy only occurs at metaphase, the clastogenicity of A. oppositifolia and Pelargonium could not be detected because these extracts inhibited mitosis (M). A DNA analysis of cultures treated with A. oppositifolia and Pelargonium by Flow Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) indicated a blockage in the Go/G1 phase of the cell cycle. The in vitro mutagenicity and clastogenicity tests served as a preliminary investigation into the safety of five traditional plants. In addition to mutagenicity testing, it is suggested that further scientific evaluation, validation, standardisation and regulation of South African traditional medicine is essential in order to prevent the adverse acute and chronic effects of plant ingestion. iii DA - 2010 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2010 T1 - An investigation into the potential mutagenicity of South African traditional medicinal plants TI - An investigation into the potential mutagenicity of South African traditional medicinal plants UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3440 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/3440
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationNair A. An investigation into the potential mutagenicity of South African traditional medicinal plants. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Medicine, 2010 [cited yyyy month dd]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3440en_ZA
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Medicineen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciencesen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.subject.otherMedicineen_ZA
dc.titleAn investigation into the potential mutagenicity of South African traditional medicinal plantsen_ZA
dc.typeMaster Thesis
dc.type.qualificationlevelMasters
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceThesisen_ZA
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