DTI-based tractographic analysis of white matter alterations in HIV infected children
| dc.contributor.advisor | Jankiewicz, Marcin | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Holmes, Martha | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Meintjes, Ernesta | |
| dc.contributor.author | Madzime, Joanah | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2020-03-04T08:20:21Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2020-03-04T08:20:21Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2019 | |
| dc.date.updated | 2020-03-04T08:18:43Z | |
| dc.description.abstract | Despite early combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) administration, children born with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continue to demonstrate neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Often, there is a link between structural and functional abnormalities. Previously, we found HIV-associated changes in white matter and functional networks in a cohort of 7-year-old HIV infected (HIV+) children who intiatied early cART compared to uninfected controls. To explore possible relationships between these alterations, we used tractography to identify HIV-related abnormalities within structural connections located in functional resting state networks. Within HIV+ children (n=61), we identified white matter (WM) tracts with lower mean fractional anisotropy (FA) and/or higher mean diffusivity (MD) located in several functional networks, including the somatosensory, auditory, salience, default mode network (DMN), motor and basal ganglia networks compared to uninfected controls (n=46). Among the uninfected controls, children born to HIV+ mothers (exposed uninfected, HEU) (n=19) showed WM alterations (higher FA) compared to HIV unexposed uninfected children (HUU) (n=27) within tracts in the posterior DMN, visual (occipital lobe and lingual gyrus), salience and motor networks. The observed WM alterations in HIV+ children point to demyelination/dysmyelination within six networks. Four of these networks – the basal ganglia, default mode, salience and somatosensory – were all found to have altered functional connectivity in a previous study; therefore, these results point to damage or developmental delay in white matter may be related to or responsible for the HIV-associated functional abnormalities. The observed WM alterations in the HEU children suggest that even exposure to HIV and/or antiretroviral therapy (ART) also has long-term effects on axonal integrity in the developing brain. | |
| dc.identifier.apacitation | Madzime, J. (2019). <i>DTI-based tractographic analysis of white matter alterations in HIV infected children</i>. (). ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Division of General Surgery. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31464 | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.chicagocitation | Madzime, Joanah. <i>"DTI-based tractographic analysis of white matter alterations in HIV infected children."</i> ., ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Division of General Surgery, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31464 | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.citation | Madzime, J. 2019. DTI-based tractographic analysis of white matter alterations in HIV infected children. . ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Division of General Surgery. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31464 | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.ris | TY - Thesis / Dissertation AU - Madzime, Joanah AB - Despite early combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) administration, children born with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continue to demonstrate neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Often, there is a link between structural and functional abnormalities. Previously, we found HIV-associated changes in white matter and functional networks in a cohort of 7-year-old HIV infected (HIV+) children who intiatied early cART compared to uninfected controls. To explore possible relationships between these alterations, we used tractography to identify HIV-related abnormalities within structural connections located in functional resting state networks. Within HIV+ children (n=61), we identified white matter (WM) tracts with lower mean fractional anisotropy (FA) and/or higher mean diffusivity (MD) located in several functional networks, including the somatosensory, auditory, salience, default mode network (DMN), motor and basal ganglia networks compared to uninfected controls (n=46). Among the uninfected controls, children born to HIV+ mothers (exposed uninfected, HEU) (n=19) showed WM alterations (higher FA) compared to HIV unexposed uninfected children (HUU) (n=27) within tracts in the posterior DMN, visual (occipital lobe and lingual gyrus), salience and motor networks. The observed WM alterations in HIV+ children point to demyelination/dysmyelination within six networks. Four of these networks – the basal ganglia, default mode, salience and somatosensory – were all found to have altered functional connectivity in a previous study; therefore, these results point to damage or developmental delay in white matter may be related to or responsible for the HIV-associated functional abnormalities. The observed WM alterations in the HEU children suggest that even exposure to HIV and/or antiretroviral therapy (ART) also has long-term effects on axonal integrity in the developing brain. DA - 2019 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town KW - Neurosciences LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PY - 2019 T1 - DTI-based tractographic analysis of white matter alterations in HIV infected children TI - DTI-based tractographic analysis of white matter alterations in HIV infected children UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31464 ER - | en_ZA |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31464 | |
| dc.identifier.vancouvercitation | Madzime J. DTI-based tractographic analysis of white matter alterations in HIV infected children. []. ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Division of General Surgery, 2019 [cited yyyy month dd]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31464 | en_ZA |
| dc.language.rfc3066 | eng | |
| dc.publisher.department | Division of General Surgery | |
| dc.publisher.faculty | Faculty of Health Sciences | |
| dc.subject | Neurosciences | |
| dc.title | DTI-based tractographic analysis of white matter alterations in HIV infected children | |
| dc.type | Master Thesis | |
| dc.type.qualificationlevel | Masters | |
| dc.type.qualificationname | MSc |