Application of an argon-cooled inductively coupled plasma to the analysis of metals in lubricating oils

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dc.contributor.advisorOrren, M Jen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMarais, Petrus Johannes Jacobus Goosenen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2016-03-11T14:28:20Z
dc.date.available2016-03-11T14:28:20Z
dc.date.issued1987en_ZA
dc.descriptionBibliography: pages 46-50.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractA sequential atomic emission spectrometer, using a low power (1,7 kW) argon-cooled inductively coupled plasma (ICP) system, was used for the determination of wear metals and additives in lubricating oils with xylene as solvent. The modified Simplex method was applied to establish the optimum experimental parameters for 21 individual spectral lines. The optimization was applied to single element analysis on the basis of net signal-to-background ratio (SBR) using the standard cross flow nebulizer and then repeated using the high solids Babington-type nebulizer. Weighted compromise conditions were calculated resulting in a maximum loss of 50% in the SBRs of the individual elements. These conditions result in an analytically useful plasma that gives low detection limits and high sensitivities for the analysis of metals in lubricating oils. Analytical parameters such as detection limit and analytical range for the analysis of 17 elements present in lubricating oil as wear metals or contaminants and 4 other elements present in the most common lubricating oil additives were determined. The detection limits reported here for oil in xylene are of the same order as the published limits for aqueous and for oil-in-MIBK solutions. However, the most valuable property of the ICP-AES was found to be the astounding analytical range which allows determinations to be made over a large concentration range without the need for serial dilutions. The effect of sample preparation was investigated by employing ultrasonic agitation prior to withdrawing the used oil from the sample vial. An upward trend was found in the element concentrations from manual shaking of the oil to ultrasonic agitation, indicating a particle distribution effect. Finally, the technique was tested successfully by analysing an NBS reference standard and by participating in several "round robin" used oil analyses. ICP-atomic emission spectrometry can be successfully applied to the analysis of metals in lubricating oils with a speed, accuracy and precision which at least equals, and even improves upon any other of the established techniques.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationMarais, P. J. J. G. (1987). <i>Application of an argon-cooled inductively coupled plasma to the analysis of metals in lubricating oils</i>. (Thesis). University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Science ,Department of Chemistry. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17662en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationMarais, Petrus Johannes Jacobus Goosen. <i>"Application of an argon-cooled inductively coupled plasma to the analysis of metals in lubricating oils."</i> Thesis., University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Science ,Department of Chemistry, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17662en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationMarais, P. 1987. Application of an argon-cooled inductively coupled plasma to the analysis of metals in lubricating oils. University of Cape Town.en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Thesis / Dissertation AU - Marais, Petrus Johannes Jacobus Goosen AB - A sequential atomic emission spectrometer, using a low power (1,7 kW) argon-cooled inductively coupled plasma (ICP) system, was used for the determination of wear metals and additives in lubricating oils with xylene as solvent. The modified Simplex method was applied to establish the optimum experimental parameters for 21 individual spectral lines. The optimization was applied to single element analysis on the basis of net signal-to-background ratio (SBR) using the standard cross flow nebulizer and then repeated using the high solids Babington-type nebulizer. Weighted compromise conditions were calculated resulting in a maximum loss of 50% in the SBRs of the individual elements. These conditions result in an analytically useful plasma that gives low detection limits and high sensitivities for the analysis of metals in lubricating oils. Analytical parameters such as detection limit and analytical range for the analysis of 17 elements present in lubricating oil as wear metals or contaminants and 4 other elements present in the most common lubricating oil additives were determined. The detection limits reported here for oil in xylene are of the same order as the published limits for aqueous and for oil-in-MIBK solutions. However, the most valuable property of the ICP-AES was found to be the astounding analytical range which allows determinations to be made over a large concentration range without the need for serial dilutions. The effect of sample preparation was investigated by employing ultrasonic agitation prior to withdrawing the used oil from the sample vial. An upward trend was found in the element concentrations from manual shaking of the oil to ultrasonic agitation, indicating a particle distribution effect. Finally, the technique was tested successfully by analysing an NBS reference standard and by participating in several "round robin" used oil analyses. ICP-atomic emission spectrometry can be successfully applied to the analysis of metals in lubricating oils with a speed, accuracy and precision which at least equals, and even improves upon any other of the established techniques. DA - 1987 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 1987 T1 - Application of an argon-cooled inductively coupled plasma to the analysis of metals in lubricating oils TI - Application of an argon-cooled inductively coupled plasma to the analysis of metals in lubricating oils UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17662 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/17662
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationMarais PJJG. Application of an argon-cooled inductively coupled plasma to the analysis of metals in lubricating oils. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Science ,Department of Chemistry, 1987 [cited yyyy month dd]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17662en_ZA
dc.language.isoengen_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Chemistryen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Scienceen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.subject.otherPlasma chemistryen_ZA
dc.subject.otherLubricating oils - Analysisen_ZA
dc.subject.otherEmission spectroscopyen_ZA
dc.titleApplication of an argon-cooled inductively coupled plasma to the analysis of metals in lubricating oilsen_ZA
dc.typeMaster Thesis
dc.type.qualificationlevelMasters
dc.type.qualificationnameMScen_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceThesisen_ZA
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