New World Cactaceae Plants Harbor Diverse Geminiviruses

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dc.contributor.authorFontenele, Rafaela S
dc.contributor.authorSalywon, Andrew M
dc.contributor.authorMajure, Lucas C
dc.contributor.authorCobb, Ilaria N
dc.contributor.authorBhaskara, Amulya
dc.contributor.authorAvalos-Calleros, Jesús A
dc.contributor.authorArgüello-Astorga, Gerardo R
dc.contributor.authorSchmidlin, Kara
dc.contributor.authorKhalifeh, Anthony
dc.contributor.authorSmith, Kendal
dc.contributor.authorSchreck, Joshua
dc.contributor.authorLund, Michael C
dc.contributor.authorKöhler, Matias
dc.contributor.authorWojciechowski, Martin F
dc.contributor.authorHodgson, Wendy C
dc.contributor.authorPuente-Martinez, Raul
dc.contributor.authorVan Doorslaer, Koenraad
dc.contributor.authorKumari, Safaa
dc.contributor.authorOyeniran, Kehinde A
dc.contributor.authorVernière, Christian
dc.contributor.authorFilloux, Denis
dc.contributor.authorRoumagnac, Philippe
dc.contributor.authorLefeuvre, Pierre
dc.contributor.authorRibeiro, Simone G
dc.contributor.authorKraberger, Simona P
dc.contributor.authorMartin, Darren P
dc.contributor.authorVarsani, Arvind
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-15T06:26:53Z
dc.date.available2021-10-15T06:26:53Z
dc.date.issued2021-04-16
dc.date.updated2021-04-23T13:42:14Z
dc.description.abstractThe family Cactaceae comprises a diverse group of typically succulent plants that are native to the American continent but have been introduced to nearly all other continents, predominantly for ornamental purposes. Despite their economic, cultural, and ecological importance, very little research has been conducted on the viral community that infects them. We previously identified a highly divergent geminivirus that is the first known to infect cacti. Recent research efforts in non-cultivated and asymptomatic plants have shown that the diversity of this viral family has been under-sampled. As a consequence, little is known about the effects and interactions of geminiviruses in many plants, such as cacti. With the objective to expand knowledge on the diversity of geminiviruses infecting cacti, we used previously acquired high-throughput sequencing results to search for viral sequences using BLASTx against a viral RefSeq protein database. We identified two additional sequences with similarity to geminiviruses, for which we designed abutting primers and recovered full-length genomes. From 42 cacti and five scale insects, we derived 42 complete genome sequences of a novel geminivirus species that we have tentatively named Opuntia virus 2 (OpV2) and 32 genomes of an Opuntia-infecting becurtovirus (which is a new strain of the spinach curly top Arizona virus species). Interspecies recombination analysis of the OpV2 group revealed several recombinant regions, in some cases spanning half of the genome. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that OpV2 is a novel geminivirus more closely related to viruses of the genus <i>Curtovirus</i>, which was further supported by the detection of three recombination events between curtoviruses and OpV2. Both OpV2 and Opuntia becurtoviruses were identified in mixed infections, which also included the previously characterized Opuntia virus 1. Viral quantification of the co-infected cactus plants compared with single infections did not show any clear trend in viral dynamics that might be associated with the mixed infections. Using experimental <i>Rhizobium</i>-mediated inoculations, we found that the initial accumulation of OpV2 is facilitated by co-infection with OpV1. This study shows that the diversity of geminiviruses that infect cacti is under-sampled and that cacti harbor diverse geminiviruses. The detection of the Opuntia becurtoviruses suggests spill-over events between viruses of cultivated species and native vegetation. The threat this poses to cacti needs to be further investigated.en_US
dc.identifier10.3390/v13040694
dc.identifier.apacitationFontenele, R. S., Salywon, A. M., Majure, L. C., Cobb, I. N., Bhaskara, A., Avalos-Calleros, J. A., ... Varsani, A. (2021). New World Cactaceae Plants Harbor Diverse Geminiviruses. <i>Viruses</i>, 13(4), 694. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/35252en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationFontenele, Rafaela S, Andrew M Salywon, Lucas C Majure, Ilaria N Cobb, Amulya Bhaskara, Jesús A Avalos-Calleros, Gerardo R Argüello-Astorga, et al "New World Cactaceae Plants Harbor Diverse Geminiviruses." <i>Viruses</i> 13, 4. (2021): 694. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/35252en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationFontenele, R.S., Salywon, A.M., Majure, L.C., Cobb, I.N., Bhaskara, A., Avalos-Calleros, J.A., Argüello-Astorga, G.R. & Schmidlin, K. et al. 2021. New World Cactaceae Plants Harbor Diverse Geminiviruses. <i>Viruses.</i> 13(4):694. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/35252en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Fontenele, Rafaela S AU - Salywon, Andrew M AU - Majure, Lucas C AU - Cobb, Ilaria N AU - Bhaskara, Amulya AU - Avalos-Calleros, Jesús A AU - Argüello-Astorga, Gerardo R AU - Schmidlin, Kara AU - Khalifeh, Anthony AU - Smith, Kendal AU - Schreck, Joshua AU - Lund, Michael C AU - Köhler, Matias AU - Wojciechowski, Martin F AU - Hodgson, Wendy C AU - Puente-Martinez, Raul AU - Van Doorslaer, Koenraad AU - Kumari, Safaa AU - Oyeniran, Kehinde A AU - Vernière, Christian AU - Filloux, Denis AU - Roumagnac, Philippe AU - Lefeuvre, Pierre AU - Ribeiro, Simone G AU - Kraberger, Simona P AU - Martin, Darren P AU - Varsani, Arvind AB - The family Cactaceae comprises a diverse group of typically succulent plants that are native to the American continent but have been introduced to nearly all other continents, predominantly for ornamental purposes. Despite their economic, cultural, and ecological importance, very little research has been conducted on the viral community that infects them. We previously identified a highly divergent geminivirus that is the first known to infect cacti. Recent research efforts in non-cultivated and asymptomatic plants have shown that the diversity of this viral family has been under-sampled. As a consequence, little is known about the effects and interactions of geminiviruses in many plants, such as cacti. With the objective to expand knowledge on the diversity of geminiviruses infecting cacti, we used previously acquired high-throughput sequencing results to search for viral sequences using BLASTx against a viral RefSeq protein database. We identified two additional sequences with similarity to geminiviruses, for which we designed abutting primers and recovered full-length genomes. From 42 cacti and five scale insects, we derived 42 complete genome sequences of a novel geminivirus species that we have tentatively named Opuntia virus 2 (OpV2) and 32 genomes of an Opuntia-infecting becurtovirus (which is a new strain of the spinach curly top Arizona virus species). Interspecies recombination analysis of the OpV2 group revealed several recombinant regions, in some cases spanning half of the genome. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that OpV2 is a novel geminivirus more closely related to viruses of the genus <i>Curtovirus</i>, which was further supported by the detection of three recombination events between curtoviruses and OpV2. Both OpV2 and Opuntia becurtoviruses were identified in mixed infections, which also included the previously characterized Opuntia virus 1. Viral quantification of the co-infected cactus plants compared with single infections did not show any clear trend in viral dynamics that might be associated with the mixed infections. Using experimental <i>Rhizobium</i>-mediated inoculations, we found that the initial accumulation of OpV2 is facilitated by co-infection with OpV1. This study shows that the diversity of geminiviruses that infect cacti is under-sampled and that cacti harbor diverse geminiviruses. The detection of the Opuntia becurtoviruses suggests spill-over events between viruses of cultivated species and native vegetation. The threat this poses to cacti needs to be further investigated. DA - 2021-04-16 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town IS - 4 J1 - Viruses LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PY - 2021 T1 - New World Cactaceae Plants Harbor Diverse Geminiviruses TI - New World Cactaceae Plants Harbor Diverse Geminiviruses UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/35252 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/35252
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationFontenele RS, Salywon AM, Majure LC, Cobb IN, Bhaskara A, Avalos-Calleros JA, et al. New World Cactaceae Plants Harbor Diverse Geminiviruses. Viruses. 2021;13(4):694. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/35252.en_ZA
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Human Biologyen_US
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciencesen_US
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_US
dc.sourceVirusesen_US
dc.source.journalissue4en_US
dc.source.journalvolume13en_US
dc.source.pagination694en_US
dc.titleNew World Cactaceae Plants Harbor Diverse Geminivirusesen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
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