Water supply and sanitation services in South Africa a cluster analysis approach

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dc.contributor.advisorRivett, Ulrikeen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorGool, Saalighaen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2014-07-31T10:28:38Z
dc.date.available2014-07-31T10:28:38Z
dc.date.issued2013en_ZA
dc.descriptionIncludes abstract.
dc.descriptionIncludes bibliographical references.
dc.description.abstractPrevious government policy dictated that municipal services should not be distributed equally to all South Africans. Consequently, large inequalities in access to water supply and sanitation services were created along racial and geographic lines. After 1994, government policy sort to rectify this situation, largely through pro-poor service provision policies and programs. Continuous and accurate monitoring and reporting of access statistics is crucial to ensuring that progress is made. Progress within the provinces, however, would not have been equal due to the difficulty with providing services to different regions. As such, large disparities still exist. In order to assess the current inequality, local municipalities were grouped according to access to adequate services and their progress made from 2001, using the statistical method of cluster analysis. It was discovered that provinces, with access to improved services for over 75% of households, had municipalities with similar access to adequate services; this includes Western Cape, Gauteng and Free State. For the other provinces, great inequalities were found between municipalities. Some municipalities showed a decline in access to improved services; this is despite provincial access to improved services increasing for all provinces. Cases emerged where local municipalities in the same district municipality did not show similarly changes in access to improved services. The progress between water supply and sanitation provision was dissimilar, with growth occurring in different timeframes. A large number of municipalities showed negative progress for sanitation for 2007-2011 despite the fact that the Bucket Eradication Programme – aimed at diminishing the number of bucket facilities in the country - was established in 2005. The lag in sanitation progress between 2007 and 2011 could be attributed to the fact that sanitation provision from 2007 was focussed in rural areas, which are demonstrably difficult to deliver services to; that poorly built toilets needed restoration, diverting funds from providing new facilities; and that transferring responsibility of sanitation provision from DWA to DHS in 2009 led to non-efficient functioning of the National Sanitation Programme. More provinces showed a correlation between progress made between 2001 and 2011, and prior access to adequate services for water supply than sanitation. This coupled with the fact that rural municipalities had a greater capital expenditure than other local municipalities for water supply and not for sanitation, indicates that the pro-poor initiatives have been more successful in water supply than in sanitation. This highlights that sanitation provision has been challenging and slow.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationGool, S. (2013). <i>Water supply and sanitation services in South Africa a cluster analysis approach</i>. (Thesis). University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Engineering & the Built Environment ,Department of Civil Engineering. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5044en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationGool, Saaligha. <i>"Water supply and sanitation services in South Africa a cluster analysis approach."</i> Thesis., University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Engineering & the Built Environment ,Department of Civil Engineering, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5044en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationGool, S. 2013. Water supply and sanitation services in South Africa a cluster analysis approach. University of Cape Town.en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Thesis / Dissertation AU - Gool, Saaligha AB - Previous government policy dictated that municipal services should not be distributed equally to all South Africans. Consequently, large inequalities in access to water supply and sanitation services were created along racial and geographic lines. After 1994, government policy sort to rectify this situation, largely through pro-poor service provision policies and programs. Continuous and accurate monitoring and reporting of access statistics is crucial to ensuring that progress is made. Progress within the provinces, however, would not have been equal due to the difficulty with providing services to different regions. As such, large disparities still exist. In order to assess the current inequality, local municipalities were grouped according to access to adequate services and their progress made from 2001, using the statistical method of cluster analysis. It was discovered that provinces, with access to improved services for over 75% of households, had municipalities with similar access to adequate services; this includes Western Cape, Gauteng and Free State. For the other provinces, great inequalities were found between municipalities. Some municipalities showed a decline in access to improved services; this is despite provincial access to improved services increasing for all provinces. Cases emerged where local municipalities in the same district municipality did not show similarly changes in access to improved services. The progress between water supply and sanitation provision was dissimilar, with growth occurring in different timeframes. A large number of municipalities showed negative progress for sanitation for 2007-2011 despite the fact that the Bucket Eradication Programme – aimed at diminishing the number of bucket facilities in the country - was established in 2005. The lag in sanitation progress between 2007 and 2011 could be attributed to the fact that sanitation provision from 2007 was focussed in rural areas, which are demonstrably difficult to deliver services to; that poorly built toilets needed restoration, diverting funds from providing new facilities; and that transferring responsibility of sanitation provision from DWA to DHS in 2009 led to non-efficient functioning of the National Sanitation Programme. More provinces showed a correlation between progress made between 2001 and 2011, and prior access to adequate services for water supply than sanitation. This coupled with the fact that rural municipalities had a greater capital expenditure than other local municipalities for water supply and not for sanitation, indicates that the pro-poor initiatives have been more successful in water supply than in sanitation. This highlights that sanitation provision has been challenging and slow. DA - 2013 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2013 T1 - Water supply and sanitation services in South Africa a cluster analysis approach TI - Water supply and sanitation services in South Africa a cluster analysis approach UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5044 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/5044
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationGool S. Water supply and sanitation services in South Africa a cluster analysis approach. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Engineering & the Built Environment ,Department of Civil Engineering, 2013 [cited yyyy month dd]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5044en_ZA
dc.language.isoengen_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Civil Engineeringen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Engineering and the Built Environment
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.subject.otherCivil Engineeringen_ZA
dc.titleWater supply and sanitation services in South Africa a cluster analysis approachen_ZA
dc.typeMaster Thesis
dc.type.qualificationlevelMasters
dc.type.qualificationnameMScen_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceThesisen_ZA
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