South African tobacco smoking cessation clinical practice guideline

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dc.contributor.authorvan Zyl-Smit, Richard N
dc.contributor.authorAllwood, Brian
dc.contributor.authorStickells, David
dc.contributor.authorSymons, Gregory
dc.contributor.authorAbdool-Gaffar, Sabs
dc.contributor.authorMurphy, Kathy
dc.contributor.authorLalloo, Umesh
dc.contributor.authorVanker, Aneesa
dc.contributor.authorSabur, Natasha F
dc.contributor.authorRichards, Guy
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-08T07:20:26Z
dc.date.available2021-10-08T07:20:26Z
dc.date.issued2013
dc.description.abstractTobacco smoking (i.e. cigarettes, rolled tobacco, pipes, etc.) is associated with significant health risks, reduced life expectancy and negative personal and societal economic impact. Smokers have an increased risk of cancer (i.e. lung, throat, bladder), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tuberculosis and cardiovascular disease (i.e. stroke, heart attack). Smoking affects unborn babies, children and others exposed to second hand smoke. Stopping or 'quitting' is not easy. Nicotine is highly addictive and smoking is frequently associated with social activities (e.g. drinking, eating) or psychological factors (e.g. work pressure, concerns about body weight, anxiety or depressed mood). The benefits of quitting, however, are almost immediate, with a rapid lowering of blood pressure and heart rate, improved taste and smell, and a longer-term reduction in risk of cancer, heart attack and COPD. Successful quitting requires attention to both the factors surrounding why an individual smokes (e.g. stress, depression, habit, etc.) and the symptoms associated with nicotine withdrawal. Many smokers are not ready or willing to quit and require frequent motivational input outlining the benefits that would accrue. In addition to an evaluation of nicotine dependence, co-existent medical or psychiatric conditions and barriers to quitting should be identified. A tailored approach encompassing psychological and social support, in addition to appropriate medication to reduce nicotine withdrawal, is likely to provide the best chance of success. Relapse is not uncommon and reasons for failure should be addressed in a positive manner and further attempts initiated when the individual is ready. Key steps in smoking cessation include: (i) identifying all smokers, alerting them to the harms of smoking and benefits of quitting; (ii) assessing readiness to initiate an attempt to quit; (iii) assessing the physical and psychological dependence to nicotine and smoking; (iv) determining the best combination of counselling/support and pharmacological therapy; (v) setting a quit date and provide suitable resources and support; (vi) frequent follow-up as often as possible via text/telephone or in person; (vii) monitoring for side-effects, relapse and on-going cessation; and (viii) if relapse occurs, providing the necessary support and encourage a further attempt when appropriate.
dc.identifier.apacitationvan Zyl-Smit, R. N., Allwood, B., Stickells, D., Symons, G., Abdool-Gaffar, S., Murphy, K., ... Richards, G. (2013). South African tobacco smoking cessation clinical practice guideline. <i>South African Medical Journal</i>, 103(11), 869 - 177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34913en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationvan Zyl-Smit, Richard N, Brian Allwood, David Stickells, Gregory Symons, Sabs Abdool-Gaffar, Kathy Murphy, Umesh Lalloo, Aneesa Vanker, Natasha F Sabur, and Guy Richards "South African tobacco smoking cessation clinical practice guideline." <i>South African Medical Journal</i> 103, 11. (2013): 869 - 177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34913en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationvan Zyl-Smit, R.N., Allwood, B., Stickells, D., Symons, G., Abdool-Gaffar, S., Murphy, K., Lalloo, U. & Vanker, A. et al. 2013. South African tobacco smoking cessation clinical practice guideline. <i>South African Medical Journal.</i> 103(11):869 - 177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34913en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn0038-2469
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - van Zyl-Smit, Richard N AU - Allwood, Brian AU - Stickells, David AU - Symons, Gregory AU - Abdool-Gaffar, Sabs AU - Murphy, Kathy AU - Lalloo, Umesh AU - Vanker, Aneesa AU - Sabur, Natasha F AU - Richards, Guy AB - Tobacco smoking (i.e. cigarettes, rolled tobacco, pipes, etc.) is associated with significant health risks, reduced life expectancy and negative personal and societal economic impact. Smokers have an increased risk of cancer (i.e. lung, throat, bladder), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tuberculosis and cardiovascular disease (i.e. stroke, heart attack). Smoking affects unborn babies, children and others exposed to second hand smoke. Stopping or 'quitting' is not easy. Nicotine is highly addictive and smoking is frequently associated with social activities (e.g. drinking, eating) or psychological factors (e.g. work pressure, concerns about body weight, anxiety or depressed mood). The benefits of quitting, however, are almost immediate, with a rapid lowering of blood pressure and heart rate, improved taste and smell, and a longer-term reduction in risk of cancer, heart attack and COPD. Successful quitting requires attention to both the factors surrounding why an individual smokes (e.g. stress, depression, habit, etc.) and the symptoms associated with nicotine withdrawal. Many smokers are not ready or willing to quit and require frequent motivational input outlining the benefits that would accrue. In addition to an evaluation of nicotine dependence, co-existent medical or psychiatric conditions and barriers to quitting should be identified. A tailored approach encompassing psychological and social support, in addition to appropriate medication to reduce nicotine withdrawal, is likely to provide the best chance of success. Relapse is not uncommon and reasons for failure should be addressed in a positive manner and further attempts initiated when the individual is ready. Key steps in smoking cessation include: (i) identifying all smokers, alerting them to the harms of smoking and benefits of quitting; (ii) assessing readiness to initiate an attempt to quit; (iii) assessing the physical and psychological dependence to nicotine and smoking; (iv) determining the best combination of counselling/support and pharmacological therapy; (v) setting a quit date and provide suitable resources and support; (vi) frequent follow-up as often as possible via text/telephone or in person; (vii) monitoring for side-effects, relapse and on-going cessation; and (viii) if relapse occurs, providing the necessary support and encourage a further attempt when appropriate. DA - 2013 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town IS - 11 J1 - South African Medical Journal LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PY - 2013 SM - 0038-2469 T1 - South African tobacco smoking cessation clinical practice guideline TI - South African tobacco smoking cessation clinical practice guideline UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34913 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/34913
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationvan Zyl-Smit RN, Allwood B, Stickells D, Symons G, Abdool-Gaffar S, Murphy K, et al. South African tobacco smoking cessation clinical practice guideline. South African Medical Journal. 2013;103(11):869 - 177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34913.en_ZA
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Medicine
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciences
dc.sourceSouth African Medical Journal
dc.source.journalissue11
dc.source.journalvolume103
dc.source.pagination869 - 177
dc.source.urihttps://dx.doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.7484
dc.subject.otherBody Weight
dc.subject.otherTuberculosis, Cardiovascular
dc.subject.otherTobacco Use Disorder
dc.subject.otherRecurrence
dc.subject.otherNeoplasms
dc.subject.otherHeart Neoplasms
dc.subject.otherPulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
dc.subject.otherStroke
dc.subject.otherHeart
dc.subject.otherPharynx
dc.subject.otherLung
dc.subject.otherNicotine
dc.subject.otherTobacco Smoke Pollution
dc.subject.otherSmoke
dc.subject.otherDrinking
dc.subject.otherTaste
dc.subject.otherSmell
dc.subject.otherPressure
dc.subject.otherEating
dc.subject.otherCommunication Aids for Disabled
dc.subject.otherRisk
dc.subject.otherTherapeutics
dc.subject.otherLife Expectancy
dc.subject.otherHeart Rate
dc.subject.otherBlood Pressure
dc.subject.otherNicotiana tabacum
dc.subject.otherHomo sapiens
dc.titleSouth African tobacco smoking cessation clinical practice guideline
dc.typeJournal Article
uct.type.publicationResearch
uct.type.resourceJournal Article
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