The role of crude saliva and purified salivary mucins in the inhibition of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1

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dc.contributor.authorPeacocke, Juliaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLotz, Zoeen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorde Beer, Corenaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorRoux, Paulen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMall, Anwaren_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2015-11-18T03:57:43Z
dc.date.available2015-11-18T03:57:43Z
dc.date.issued2012en_ZA
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND:Sub-Saharan Africa is the world's worst HIV-AIDS affected region. More interventions to manage this pandemic are urgently required. Transmission of the virus through an exchange of saliva is rarely known to occur. This project sought to verify statistically previous findings in our laboratory, that crude saliva from uninfected individuals together with its purified mucin components inhibited HIV-1, whilst mucins from infected saliva did not show this inhibition, in an in vitro assay. METHODS: Saliva was extracted in 4M guanidinium hydrochloride and proteolytic inhibitors at pH 6.5, followed by the isolation of MUC5B and MUC7 by Sepharose 4B gel filtration and further purification of these mucins by density-gradient ultra-centrifugation in caesium chloride. Agarose gel electrophoresis, Western blotting and amino acid compositional analysis determined the size, purity and identity of the mucins. The inhibitory activity of crude saliva and purified MUC5B and MUC7, from HIV negative (n=20) and HIV positive (n=20) donors, was tested by their incubation with subtype C HIV-1 and subsequent infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PCR was done on tandem repeat regions of MUC5B and MUC7 DNA to investigate whether any association existed between gene polymorphism and susceptibility to infection. RESULTS: There was an inter-individual variation in the amounts of MUC5B and MUC7 in saliva. In contrast to previous studies, crude saliva and purified mucins from both HIV negative and HIV positive individuals inhibited the infection of HIV-1 in an in vitro assay. DNA analysis of the tandem repeat regions of MUC5B and MUC7 revealed no difference between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Crude saliva and its mucins, MUC5B and MUC7, from both uninfected controls and HIV positive individuals inhibited HIV-1 in an in vitro assay.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationPeacocke, J., Lotz, Z., de Beer, C., Roux, P., & Mall, A. (2012). The role of crude saliva and purified salivary mucins in the inhibition of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1. <i>Virology Journal</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15072en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationPeacocke, Julia, Zoe Lotz, Corena de Beer, Paul Roux, and Anwar Mall "The role of crude saliva and purified salivary mucins in the inhibition of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1." <i>Virology Journal</i> (2012) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15072en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationPeacocke, J., Lotz, Z., de Beer, C., Roux, P., & Mall, A. S. (2012). The role of crude saliva and purified salivary mucins in the inhibition of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1. Virology journal, 9(1), 177.en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Peacocke, Julia AU - Lotz, Zoe AU - de Beer, Corena AU - Roux, Paul AU - Mall, Anwar AB - BACKGROUND:Sub-Saharan Africa is the world's worst HIV-AIDS affected region. More interventions to manage this pandemic are urgently required. Transmission of the virus through an exchange of saliva is rarely known to occur. This project sought to verify statistically previous findings in our laboratory, that crude saliva from uninfected individuals together with its purified mucin components inhibited HIV-1, whilst mucins from infected saliva did not show this inhibition, in an in vitro assay. METHODS: Saliva was extracted in 4M guanidinium hydrochloride and proteolytic inhibitors at pH 6.5, followed by the isolation of MUC5B and MUC7 by Sepharose 4B gel filtration and further purification of these mucins by density-gradient ultra-centrifugation in caesium chloride. Agarose gel electrophoresis, Western blotting and amino acid compositional analysis determined the size, purity and identity of the mucins. The inhibitory activity of crude saliva and purified MUC5B and MUC7, from HIV negative (n=20) and HIV positive (n=20) donors, was tested by their incubation with subtype C HIV-1 and subsequent infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PCR was done on tandem repeat regions of MUC5B and MUC7 DNA to investigate whether any association existed between gene polymorphism and susceptibility to infection. RESULTS: There was an inter-individual variation in the amounts of MUC5B and MUC7 in saliva. In contrast to previous studies, crude saliva and purified mucins from both HIV negative and HIV positive individuals inhibited the infection of HIV-1 in an in vitro assay. DNA analysis of the tandem repeat regions of MUC5B and MUC7 revealed no difference between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Crude saliva and its mucins, MUC5B and MUC7, from both uninfected controls and HIV positive individuals inhibited HIV-1 in an in vitro assay. DA - 2012 DB - OpenUCT DO - 10.1186/1743-422X-9-177 DP - University of Cape Town J1 - Virology Journal LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2012 T1 - The role of crude saliva and purified salivary mucins in the inhibition of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 TI - The role of crude saliva and purified salivary mucins in the inhibition of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15072 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/15072
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-9-177
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationPeacocke J, Lotz Z, de Beer C, Roux P, Mall A. The role of crude saliva and purified salivary mucins in the inhibition of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1. Virology Journal. 2012; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15072.en_ZA
dc.language.isoengen_ZA
dc.publisherBioMed Central Ltden_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentDivision of General Surgeryen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciencesen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.rightsThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licenseen_ZA
dc.rights.holderPeacocke et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012en_ZA
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0en_ZA
dc.sourceVirology Journalen_ZA
dc.source.urihttp://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/en_ZA
dc.subject.otherMucinen_ZA
dc.subject.otherMUC5Ben_ZA
dc.subject.otherMUC7en_ZA
dc.subject.otherHIV-1en_ZA
dc.subject.otherInhibition assayen_ZA
dc.titleThe role of crude saliva and purified salivary mucins in the inhibition of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1en_ZA
dc.typeJournal Articleen_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceArticleen_ZA
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