Battle narrative in Virgil and Ovid

Master Thesis

2015

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University of Cape Town

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The intent of this thesis is to examine the stylistics of Latin epic narrative as used to narrate and describe extended battle sequences, and to explore the way in which Latin authors working during the Augustan Era engaged with Homeric techniques of oral narrative while composing written epic. A total of six extended battle sequences from the Aeneid of Virgil and the Metamorphoses of Ovid are examined and analysed with regard to their use of word order, simile, catalogue, and other such stylistic features. The overall aim is to consider Ovid’s literary debt to his immediate epic predecessor Virgil, together with the debt of both poets to Ancient Greek epic narrative, in such a way as to explore the various techniques of generic allusivity practised by both poets on a stylistic level. The first chapter provides a brief overview of Homeric technique, defines the distinction between primary and secondary epic, and serves as an introduction to Virgilian and Ovidian concerns. The second chapter contains analysis of Virgil’s Aeneid. Battle sequences from Book 2, Book 9, and Book 10 are examined and discussed from a stylistic perspective, and the extent to which Virgil has drawn on and reformulated Homeric epic technique is established. Book 2 is examined for the manner in which it engages with and reconstructs Homeric ideals of heroism. Book 9, constituting as it does the first instance within the second half of the Aeneid of Homeric battle narrative, is analysed as a transitional episode, and its motifs of literary and cultural inheritance discussed. Book 10 provides an extended example of Homeric battle narrative. The third chapter engages with Ovid’s Metamorphoses. Extracts of notably epic tone from Book 5, Book 8, Book 12 are discussed in such a way as to highlight their literary allusivity, and in particular their contrast with the Virgilian model of adapting epic technique. Book 5 is examined as an introductory example of extended Ovidian battle narrative. The analysis of Book 8 demonstrates how epic narrative may be enriched by the intrusion of alternate poetic genres. Book 12 is contrasted with Book 2 of the Aeneid, and the manner in which it, too, engages with Homeric ideals of heroism, is discussed. The thesis concludes that while both poets utilised and expanded upon specific stylistic elements of Greek epic narrative, they did so in a notably different fashion. Ovid contrasts sharply with his predecessor Virgil and often incorporates elements of alternate genres in order to establish his own allusive technique.
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