Motor learning: an analysis of 100 trials of a ski slalom game in children with and without developmental coordination disorder

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dc.contributor.authorSmits-Engelsman, Bouwien C Men_ZA
dc.contributor.authorJelsma, Lemke Dorotheeen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorFerguson, Gillian Den_ZA
dc.contributor.authorGeuze, Reint Hen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2015-11-18T07:12:14Z
dc.date.available2015-11-18T07:12:14Z
dc.date.issued2015en_ZA
dc.description.abstractObjective Although Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is often characterized as a skill acquisition deficit disorder, few studies have addressed the process of motor learning. This study examined learning of a novel motor task; the Wii Fit ski slalom game. The main objectives were to determine: 1) whether learning occurs over 100 trial runs of the game, 2) if the learning curve is different between children with and without DCD, 3) if learning is different in an easier or harder version of the task, 4) if learning transfers to other balance tasks. Method 17 children with DCD (6-10 years) and a matched control group of 17 typically developing (TD) children engaged in 20 minutes of gaming, twice a week for five weeks. Each training session comprised of alternating trial runs, with five runs at an easy level and five runs at a difficult level. Wii scores, which combine speed and accuracy per run, were recorded. Standardized balance tasks were used to measure transfer. RESULTS: Significant differences in initial performance were found between groups on the Wii score and balance tasks. Both groups improved their Wii score over the five weeks. Improvement in the easy and in the hard task did not differ between groups. Retention in the time between training sessions was not different between TD and DCD groups either. The DCD group improved significantly on all balance tasks. CONCLUSIONS: The findings in this study give a fairly coherent picture of the learning process over a medium time scale (5 weeks) in children novice to active computer games; they learn, retain and there is evidence of transfer to other balance tasks. The rate of motor learning is similar for those with and without DCD. Our results raise a number of questions about motor learning that need to be addressed in future research.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationSmits-Engelsman, B. C. M., Jelsma, L. D., Ferguson, G. D., & Geuze, R. H. (2015). Motor learning: an analysis of 100 trials of a ski slalom game in children with and without developmental coordination disorder. <i>PLoS One</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15145en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationSmits-Engelsman, Bouwien C M, Lemke Dorothee Jelsma, Gillian D Ferguson, and Reint H Geuze "Motor learning: an analysis of 100 trials of a ski slalom game in children with and without developmental coordination disorder." <i>PLoS One</i> (2015) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15145en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationSmits-Engelsman, B. C., Jelsma, L. D., Ferguson, G. D., & Geuze, R. H. (2015). Motor learning: an analysis of 100 trials of a ski slalom game in children with and without developmental coordination disorder. PloS one, 10(10), e0140470. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140470en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Smits-Engelsman, Bouwien C M AU - Jelsma, Lemke Dorothee AU - Ferguson, Gillian D AU - Geuze, Reint H AB - Objective Although Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is often characterized as a skill acquisition deficit disorder, few studies have addressed the process of motor learning. This study examined learning of a novel motor task; the Wii Fit ski slalom game. The main objectives were to determine: 1) whether learning occurs over 100 trial runs of the game, 2) if the learning curve is different between children with and without DCD, 3) if learning is different in an easier or harder version of the task, 4) if learning transfers to other balance tasks. Method 17 children with DCD (6-10 years) and a matched control group of 17 typically developing (TD) children engaged in 20 minutes of gaming, twice a week for five weeks. Each training session comprised of alternating trial runs, with five runs at an easy level and five runs at a difficult level. Wii scores, which combine speed and accuracy per run, were recorded. Standardized balance tasks were used to measure transfer. RESULTS: Significant differences in initial performance were found between groups on the Wii score and balance tasks. Both groups improved their Wii score over the five weeks. Improvement in the easy and in the hard task did not differ between groups. Retention in the time between training sessions was not different between TD and DCD groups either. The DCD group improved significantly on all balance tasks. CONCLUSIONS: The findings in this study give a fairly coherent picture of the learning process over a medium time scale (5 weeks) in children novice to active computer games; they learn, retain and there is evidence of transfer to other balance tasks. The rate of motor learning is similar for those with and without DCD. Our results raise a number of questions about motor learning that need to be addressed in future research. DA - 2015 DB - OpenUCT DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0140470 DP - University of Cape Town J1 - PLoS One LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2015 T1 - Motor learning: an analysis of 100 trials of a ski slalom game in children with and without developmental coordination disorder TI - Motor learning: an analysis of 100 trials of a ski slalom game in children with and without developmental coordination disorder UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15145 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/15145
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140470
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationSmits-Engelsman BCM, Jelsma LD, Ferguson GD, Geuze RH. Motor learning: an analysis of 100 trials of a ski slalom game in children with and without developmental coordination disorder. PLoS One. 2015; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15145.en_ZA
dc.language.isoengen_ZA
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Health and Rehabilitation Sciencesen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciencesen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.rightsThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.en_ZA
dc.rights.holder© 2015 Smits-Engelsman et alen_ZA
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0en_ZA
dc.sourcePLoS Oneen_ZA
dc.source.urihttp://journals.plos.org/plosoneen_ZA
dc.subject.otherChildrenen_ZA
dc.subject.otherLearningen_ZA
dc.subject.otherGamesen_ZA
dc.subject.otherComputer gamesen_ZA
dc.subject.otherLearning curvesen_ZA
dc.subject.otherLegsen_ZA
dc.subject.otherTeachersen_ZA
dc.subject.otherHuman performanceen_ZA
dc.titleMotor learning: an analysis of 100 trials of a ski slalom game in children with and without developmental coordination disorderen_ZA
dc.typeJournal Articleen_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceArticleen_ZA
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