Prevalence of trachoma and risk factors for disease in Benue State, Nigeria

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dc.contributor.advisorMpyet, Caleb
dc.contributor.authorTagoh, Selassie
dc.date.accessioned2019-03-01T06:43:57Z
dc.date.available2019-03-01T06:43:57Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.date.updated2019-02-25T11:17:33Z
dc.description.abstractBackground: Trachoma is a common contagious bacterial eye infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis serovariants A, B, Ba or C. It is the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide and is responsible for about 3% of global blindness. World Health Organization (WHO) reports suggest that of the 2.2 million people who have been rendered visually impaired worldwide by trachoma, 1.2 million are irreversibly blind while an additional 7.3 million people are suffering from trachomatous trichiasis (TT) and are at risk of developing blindness. According to WHO 2007 reports, globally about 84 million people suffer from active trachoma while an estimated 299 million people still live in trachoma endemic districts. In order to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem, The Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP) was initiated on 23 July 2012 as a first step in generating population-level prevalence estimates of the disease so as to determine the need for intervention. Between 2013 and 2015, the GTMP mapped suspected endemic districts including Benue state of Nigeria. This current study took advantage of this data to generate prevalence information on Trachomatous inflammation Follicular (TF) and Trichiasis for Benue state and to describe the some of the household risk factors associated with the disease. The thesis is structured in three parts 0(Preamble), A (Protocol), B (Literature Review), C (Article) and D (Appendix). Methods: A two-stage cluster random sampling technique was utilized in a population based prevalence survey to generate estimates for TF and Trichiasis. Results: Overall unadjusted prevalence of TF among persons 1-9 years was 2.00% (95% CI: 1.20 – 2.98) and that of trichiasis among persons ≥15 years was 0.11% (95% CI 0.06 – 0.12). Trichiasis was more prevalent among adult women 0.05% (95% CI: 0.03 – 0.07) compared to males 0.03 % (95% CI: 0.02 – 0.05), (p=0.13). LGA-level prevalence of TF and Trichiasis among persons 1-9 years and persons ≥15 years ranged from 0.30% (95% CI: 0.1–0.5) to 5.30% (95% CI: 3.30–7.70) and 0.00% to 0.35% (95% CI: 0.12–0.50) respectively. Two LGAs had trichiasis prevalence above 0.2%. TF prevalence was between 5% and 9.9% in 2 LGAs. The common risk factors identified included age, sex, inaccessibility to water and latrine facility. Adults ≥15 years were 8.94(95%CI: 2.79 – 29.64) times more likely to have trichiasis compared to persons between 1-9 years of age. Conclusion: Trachoma was found to be a public health problem in 3 LGAs of Benue state. One round of mass antibiotic distribution will be required in 2 LGAs. With an estimated trichiasis backlog of 1,064, about 173 individuals with trichiasis needed to be managed to reduce the prevalence to less than the elimination threshold.
dc.identifier.apacitationTagoh, S. (2018). <i>Prevalence of trachoma and risk factors for disease in Benue State, Nigeria</i>. (). University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Public Health and Family Medicine. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29851en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationTagoh, Selassie. <i>"Prevalence of trachoma and risk factors for disease in Benue State, Nigeria."</i> ., University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29851en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationTagoh, S. 2018. Prevalence of trachoma and risk factors for disease in Benue State, Nigeria. University of Cape Town.en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Thesis / Dissertation AU - Tagoh, Selassie AB - Background: Trachoma is a common contagious bacterial eye infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis serovariants A, B, Ba or C. It is the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide and is responsible for about 3% of global blindness. World Health Organization (WHO) reports suggest that of the 2.2 million people who have been rendered visually impaired worldwide by trachoma, 1.2 million are irreversibly blind while an additional 7.3 million people are suffering from trachomatous trichiasis (TT) and are at risk of developing blindness. According to WHO 2007 reports, globally about 84 million people suffer from active trachoma while an estimated 299 million people still live in trachoma endemic districts. In order to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem, The Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP) was initiated on 23 July 2012 as a first step in generating population-level prevalence estimates of the disease so as to determine the need for intervention. Between 2013 and 2015, the GTMP mapped suspected endemic districts including Benue state of Nigeria. This current study took advantage of this data to generate prevalence information on Trachomatous inflammation Follicular (TF) and Trichiasis for Benue state and to describe the some of the household risk factors associated with the disease. The thesis is structured in three parts 0(Preamble), A (Protocol), B (Literature Review), C (Article) and D (Appendix). Methods: A two-stage cluster random sampling technique was utilized in a population based prevalence survey to generate estimates for TF and Trichiasis. Results: Overall unadjusted prevalence of TF among persons 1-9 years was 2.00% (95% CI: 1.20 – 2.98) and that of trichiasis among persons ≥15 years was 0.11% (95% CI 0.06 – 0.12). Trichiasis was more prevalent among adult women 0.05% (95% CI: 0.03 – 0.07) compared to males 0.03 % (95% CI: 0.02 – 0.05), (p=0.13). LGA-level prevalence of TF and Trichiasis among persons 1-9 years and persons ≥15 years ranged from 0.30% (95% CI: 0.1–0.5) to 5.30% (95% CI: 3.30–7.70) and 0.00% to 0.35% (95% CI: 0.12–0.50) respectively. Two LGAs had trichiasis prevalence above 0.2%. TF prevalence was between 5% and 9.9% in 2 LGAs. The common risk factors identified included age, sex, inaccessibility to water and latrine facility. Adults ≥15 years were 8.94(95%CI: 2.79 – 29.64) times more likely to have trichiasis compared to persons between 1-9 years of age. Conclusion: Trachoma was found to be a public health problem in 3 LGAs of Benue state. One round of mass antibiotic distribution will be required in 2 LGAs. With an estimated trichiasis backlog of 1,064, about 173 individuals with trichiasis needed to be managed to reduce the prevalence to less than the elimination threshold. DA - 2018 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2018 T1 - Prevalence of trachoma and risk factors for disease in Benue State, Nigeria TI - Prevalence of trachoma and risk factors for disease in Benue State, Nigeria UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29851 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/29851
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationTagoh S. Prevalence of trachoma and risk factors for disease in Benue State, Nigeria. []. University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, 2018 [cited yyyy month dd]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29851en_ZA
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Public Health and Family Medicine
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciences
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.subject.otherMedicine
dc.titlePrevalence of trachoma and risk factors for disease in Benue State, Nigeria
dc.typeMaster Thesis
dc.type.qualificationlevelMasters
dc.type.qualificationnameMPH
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