Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency in 1825 Cape Town Primary Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study

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dc.contributor.authorMiddelkoop, Keren
dc.contributor.authorWalker, Neil
dc.contributor.authorStewart, Justine
dc.contributor.authorDelport, Carmen
dc.contributor.authorJolliffe, David A.
dc.contributor.authorNuttall, James
dc.contributor.authorCoussens, Anna K.
dc.contributor.authorNaude, Celeste E.
dc.contributor.authorTang, Jonathan C. Y.
dc.contributor.authorFraser, William D.
dc.contributor.authorWilkinson, Robert J.
dc.contributor.authorBekker, Linda-Gail
dc.contributor.authorMartineau, Adrian R.
dc.date.accessioned2022-04-13T09:49:18Z
dc.date.available2022-04-13T09:49:18Z
dc.date.issued2022-03-16
dc.date.updated2022-03-24T14:47:26Z
dc.description.abstractVitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D] &lt;50 nmol/L) is common among adults in Cape Town, South Africa, but studies investigating vitamin D status of children in this setting are lacking. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in 1825 Cape Town schoolchildren aged 6&ndash;11 years. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 7.6% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 6.5% to 8.9%). Determinants of vitamin D deficiency included month of sampling (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for July&ndash;September vs. January&ndash;March 10.69, 95% CI 5.02 to 22.77; aOR for October&ndash;December vs. January&ndash;March 6.73, 95% CI 2.82 to 16.08), older age (aOR 1.25 per increasing year, 95% CI: 1.01&ndash;1.53) and higher body mass index (BMI; aOR 1.24 per unit increase in BMI-for-age Z-score, 95% CI: 1.03&ndash;1.49). In a subset of 370 participants in whom parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were measured; these were inversely related to serum 25(OH)D concentrations (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). However, no association between participants with hyperparathyroidism (PTH &gt;6.9 pmol/L) and vitamin D deficiency was seen (<i>p</i> = 0.42). In conclusion, we report that season is the major determinant of vitamin D status among Cape Town primary schoolchildren, with prevalence of vitamin D deficiency ranging from 1.4% in January&ndash;March to 22.8% in July&ndash;September.
dc.identifierdoi: 10.3390/nu14061263
dc.identifier.apacitationMiddelkoop, K., Walker, N., Stewart, J., Delport, C., Jolliffe, David A., Nuttall, J., ... Martineau, Adrian R. (2022). Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency in 1825 Cape Town Primary Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study. <i>Nutrients</i>, 14(6), http://hdl.handle.net/11427/36370en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationMiddelkoop, Keren, Neil Walker, Justine Stewart, Carmen Delport, David A. Jolliffe, James Nuttall, Anna K. Coussens, et al "Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency in 1825 Cape Town Primary Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study." <i>Nutrients</i> 14, 6. (2022) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/36370en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationMiddelkoop, K., Walker, N., Stewart, J., Delport, C., Jolliffe, David A., Nuttall, J., Coussens, Anna K. & Naude, Celeste E. et al. 2022. Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency in 1825 Cape Town Primary Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study. <i>Nutrients.</i> 14(6) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/36370en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Middelkoop, Keren AU - Walker, Neil AU - Stewart, Justine AU - Delport, Carmen AU - Jolliffe, David A. AU - Nuttall, James AU - Coussens, Anna K. AU - Naude, Celeste E. AU - Tang, Jonathan C. Y. AU - Fraser, William D. AU - Wilkinson, Robert J. AU - Bekker, Linda-Gail AU - Martineau, Adrian R. AB - Vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D] &lt;50 nmol/L) is common among adults in Cape Town, South Africa, but studies investigating vitamin D status of children in this setting are lacking. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in 1825 Cape Town schoolchildren aged 6&ndash;11 years. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 7.6% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 6.5% to 8.9%). Determinants of vitamin D deficiency included month of sampling (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for July&ndash;September vs. January&ndash;March 10.69, 95% CI 5.02 to 22.77; aOR for October&ndash;December vs. January&ndash;March 6.73, 95% CI 2.82 to 16.08), older age (aOR 1.25 per increasing year, 95% CI: 1.01&ndash;1.53) and higher body mass index (BMI; aOR 1.24 per unit increase in BMI-for-age Z-score, 95% CI: 1.03&ndash;1.49). In a subset of 370 participants in whom parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were measured; these were inversely related to serum 25(OH)D concentrations (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). However, no association between participants with hyperparathyroidism (PTH &gt;6.9 pmol/L) and vitamin D deficiency was seen (<i>p</i> = 0.42). In conclusion, we report that season is the major determinant of vitamin D status among Cape Town primary schoolchildren, with prevalence of vitamin D deficiency ranging from 1.4% in January&ndash;March to 22.8% in July&ndash;September. DA - 2022-03-16 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town IS - 6 J1 - Nutrients KW - vitamin D KW - prevalence KW - South Africa KW - children KW - cross-sectional LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PY - 2022 T1 - Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency in 1825 Cape Town Primary Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study TI - Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency in 1825 Cape Town Primary Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/36370 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/36370
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061263
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationMiddelkoop K, Walker N, Stewart J, Delport C, Jolliffe David A, Nuttall J, et al. Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency in 1825 Cape Town Primary Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients. 2022;14(6) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/36370.en_ZA
dc.publisherMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.rights.licensehttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.sourceNutrients
dc.source.journalissue6
dc.source.journalvolume14
dc.source.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients
dc.subjectvitamin D
dc.subjectprevalence
dc.subjectSouth Africa
dc.subjectchildren
dc.subjectcross-sectional
dc.titlePrevalence and Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency in 1825 Cape Town Primary Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study
dc.typeJournal Article
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