Mitochondrial Pseudogenes Suggest Repeated Inter-Species Hybridization among Direct Human Ancestors

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dc.contributor.authorPopadin, Konstantin
dc.contributor.authorGunbin, Konstantin
dc.contributor.authorPeshkin, Leonid
dc.contributor.authorAnnis, Sofia
dc.contributor.authorFleischmann, Zoe
dc.contributor.authorFranco, Melissa
dc.contributor.authorKraytsberg, Yevgenya
dc.contributor.authorMarkuzon, Natalya
dc.contributor.authorAckermann, Rebecca R
dc.contributor.authorKhrapko, Konstantin
dc.date.accessioned2022-07-28T08:32:03Z
dc.date.available2022-07-28T08:32:03Z
dc.date.issued2022-05-01
dc.date.updated2022-05-27T13:36:43Z
dc.description.abstractThe hypothesis that the evolution of humans involves hybridization between diverged species has been actively debated in recent years. We present the following novel evidence in support of this hypothesis: the analysis of nuclear pseudogenes of mtDNA (“NUMTs”). NUMTs are considered “mtDNA fossils” as they preserve sequences of ancient mtDNA and thus carry unique information about ancestral populations. Our comparison of a NUMT sequence shared by humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas with their mtDNAs implies that, around the time of divergence between humans and chimpanzees, our evolutionary history involved the interbreeding of individuals whose mtDNA had diverged as much as ~4.5 Myr prior. This large divergence suggests a distant interspecies hybridization. Additionally, analysis of two other NUMTs suggests that such events occur repeatedly. Our findings suggest a complex pattern of speciation in primate/human ancestors and provide one potential explanation for the mosaic nature of fossil morphology found at the emergence of the hominin lineage. A preliminary version of this manuscript was uploaded to the preprint server BioRxiv in 2017 (10.1101/134502).en_US
dc.identifierdoi: 10.3390/genes13050810
dc.identifier.apacitationPopadin, K., Gunbin, K., Peshkin, L., Annis, S., Fleischmann, Z., Franco, M., ... Khrapko, K. (2022). Mitochondrial Pseudogenes Suggest Repeated Inter-Species Hybridization among Direct Human Ancestors. <i>Genes</i>, 13(5), 810. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/36660en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationPopadin, Konstantin, Konstantin Gunbin, Leonid Peshkin, Sofia Annis, Zoe Fleischmann, Melissa Franco, Yevgenya Kraytsberg, Natalya Markuzon, Rebecca R Ackermann, and Konstantin Khrapko "Mitochondrial Pseudogenes Suggest Repeated Inter-Species Hybridization among Direct Human Ancestors." <i>Genes</i> 13, 5. (2022): 810. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/36660en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationPopadin, K., Gunbin, K., Peshkin, L., Annis, S., Fleischmann, Z., Franco, M., Kraytsberg, Y. & Markuzon, N. et al. 2022. Mitochondrial Pseudogenes Suggest Repeated Inter-Species Hybridization among Direct Human Ancestors. <i>Genes.</i> 13(5):810. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/36660en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Popadin, Konstantin AU - Gunbin, Konstantin AU - Peshkin, Leonid AU - Annis, Sofia AU - Fleischmann, Zoe AU - Franco, Melissa AU - Kraytsberg, Yevgenya AU - Markuzon, Natalya AU - Ackermann, Rebecca R AU - Khrapko, Konstantin AB - The hypothesis that the evolution of humans involves hybridization between diverged species has been actively debated in recent years. We present the following novel evidence in support of this hypothesis: the analysis of nuclear pseudogenes of mtDNA (&ldquo;NUMTs&rdquo;). NUMTs are considered &ldquo;mtDNA fossils&rdquo; as they preserve sequences of ancient mtDNA and thus carry unique information about ancestral populations. Our comparison of a NUMT sequence shared by humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas with their mtDNAs implies that, around the time of divergence between humans and chimpanzees, our evolutionary history involved the interbreeding of individuals whose mtDNA had diverged as much as ~4.5 Myr prior. This large divergence suggests a distant interspecies hybridization. Additionally, analysis of two other NUMTs suggests that such events occur repeatedly. Our findings suggest a complex pattern of speciation in primate/human ancestors and provide one potential explanation for the mosaic nature of fossil morphology found at the emergence of the hominin lineage. A preliminary version of this manuscript was uploaded to the preprint server BioRxiv in 2017 (10.1101/134502). DA - 2022-05-01 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town IS - 5 J1 - Genes LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PY - 2022 T1 - Mitochondrial Pseudogenes Suggest Repeated Inter-Species Hybridization among Direct Human Ancestors TI - Mitochondrial Pseudogenes Suggest Repeated Inter-Species Hybridization among Direct Human Ancestors UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/36660 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/36660
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationPopadin K, Gunbin K, Peshkin L, Annis S, Fleischmann Z, Franco M, et al. Mitochondrial Pseudogenes Suggest Repeated Inter-Species Hybridization among Direct Human Ancestors. Genes. 2022;13(5):810. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/36660.en_ZA
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Archaeologyen_US
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Scienceen_US
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_US
dc.sourceGenesen_US
dc.source.journalissue5en_US
dc.source.journalvolume13en_US
dc.source.pagination810en_US
dc.titleMitochondrial Pseudogenes Suggest Repeated Inter-Species Hybridization among Direct Human Ancestorsen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
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