Cortical Gyrification in Methamphetamine Associated Psychosis: A Potential Neurodevelopmental Biomarker for Risk of Psychosis

Simple item page
dc.contributor.advisorMalcolm-Smith, Susan
dc.contributor.authorGribble, Amy
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-13T13:13:38Z
dc.date.available2025-02-13T13:13:38Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.date.updated2025-02-13T13:02:11Z
dc.description.abstractFor many years, methamphetamine associated psychosis (MAP) has been viewed as a symptomatic, genetic, and morphological blueprint for schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) (Aoki et al., 2013; Grant et al., 2012; Uhlmann et al., 2016; Yang et al., 2021). MAP is currently diagnosed as a substance induced disorder; however, many researchers suggest that MAP may represent a transition into SSD following substance use (McKetin, 2018). The current study investigated global and local gyrification indices (GI) as a potential neurodevelopmental biomarker for psychosis vulnerability in three quasi-experimental groups; methamphetamine users without psychosis (n=21), individuals with MAP (n=18) and healthy controls (n=21). Gyrification indices were determined for each participant using Freesurfer 7.2 and compared across groups with age and sex as covariates in a multivariate analysis of co-variance (MANCOVA). The results demonstrate that group membership alone significantly accounts for 32% of the variation in overall gyrification (F(12, 106) = 1.87, p=.06, η²=0.16; Wilk's lambda = 0.68, p=.04). Follow-up ANCOVAs suggest that individuals who use methamphetamine have higher temporal gyrification than MAP and control participants, although this result was not statistically significant. There was also a significant effect of age on gyrification (F(6, 50) = 5.37, p<.01, η²=0.39; Wilk's lambda = .61, p<.01). Further associations between gyrification and age (r=-0.43, p<0.05), cannabis use and temporal gyrification (r=0.29, p<0.05), alcohol use and temporal (r=0.34, p<0.05) and parietal gyrification were found (r=0.26, p<0.05), as well as age of methamphetamine use onset (r=-0.40, p<0.05). These results offer more evidence on the harmful effects of drug use on brain structure, posing new questions around the developmental basis of gyrification and its status as a biomarker for disease.
dc.identifier.apacitationGribble, A. (2024). <i>Cortical Gyrification in Methamphetamine Associated Psychosis: A Potential Neurodevelopmental Biomarker for Risk of Psychosis</i>. (). University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Humanities ,Department of Psychology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/40951en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationGribble, Amy. <i>"Cortical Gyrification in Methamphetamine Associated Psychosis: A Potential Neurodevelopmental Biomarker for Risk of Psychosis."</i> ., University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Humanities ,Department of Psychology, 2024. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/40951en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationGribble, A. 2024. Cortical Gyrification in Methamphetamine Associated Psychosis: A Potential Neurodevelopmental Biomarker for Risk of Psychosis. . University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Humanities ,Department of Psychology. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/40951en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Thesis / Dissertation AU - Gribble, Amy AB - For many years, methamphetamine associated psychosis (MAP) has been viewed as a symptomatic, genetic, and morphological blueprint for schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) (Aoki et al., 2013; Grant et al., 2012; Uhlmann et al., 2016; Yang et al., 2021). MAP is currently diagnosed as a substance induced disorder; however, many researchers suggest that MAP may represent a transition into SSD following substance use (McKetin, 2018). The current study investigated global and local gyrification indices (GI) as a potential neurodevelopmental biomarker for psychosis vulnerability in three quasi-experimental groups; methamphetamine users without psychosis (n=21), individuals with MAP (n=18) and healthy controls (n=21). Gyrification indices were determined for each participant using Freesurfer 7.2 and compared across groups with age and sex as covariates in a multivariate analysis of co-variance (MANCOVA). The results demonstrate that group membership alone significantly accounts for 32% of the variation in overall gyrification (F(12, 106) = 1.87, p=.06, η²=0.16; Wilk's lambda = 0.68, p=.04). Follow-up ANCOVAs suggest that individuals who use methamphetamine have higher temporal gyrification than MAP and control participants, although this result was not statistically significant. There was also a significant effect of age on gyrification (F(6, 50) = 5.37, p<.01, η²=0.39; Wilk's lambda = .61, p<.01). Further associations between gyrification and age (r=-0.43, p<0.05), cannabis use and temporal gyrification (r=0.29, p<0.05), alcohol use and temporal (r=0.34, p<0.05) and parietal gyrification were found (r=0.26, p<0.05), as well as age of methamphetamine use onset (r=-0.40, p<0.05). These results offer more evidence on the harmful effects of drug use on brain structure, posing new questions around the developmental basis of gyrification and its status as a biomarker for disease. DA - 2024 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town KW - Psychology LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2024 T1 - Cortical Gyrification in Methamphetamine Associated Psychosis: A Potential Neurodevelopmental Biomarker for Risk of Psychosis TI - Cortical Gyrification in Methamphetamine Associated Psychosis: A Potential Neurodevelopmental Biomarker for Risk of Psychosis UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/40951 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/40951
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationGribble A. Cortical Gyrification in Methamphetamine Associated Psychosis: A Potential Neurodevelopmental Biomarker for Risk of Psychosis. []. University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Humanities ,Department of Psychology, 2024 [cited yyyy month dd]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/40951en_ZA
dc.language.rfc3066Eng
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Psychology
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Humanities
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.subjectPsychology
dc.titleCortical Gyrification in Methamphetamine Associated Psychosis: A Potential Neurodevelopmental Biomarker for Risk of Psychosis
dc.typeThesis / Dissertation
dc.type.qualificationlevelMasters
Files
Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Thumbnail Image
Name:
thesis_hum_2024_gribble amy.pdf
Size:
1.09 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Description:
Download
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Thumbnail Image
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.72 KB
Format:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Description:
Download
Collections
Masters