Association between smoking and total energy expenditure in a multi-country study

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dc.contributor.authorGonseth, Semira
dc.contributor.authorDugas, Lara
dc.contributor.authorViswanathan, Barathi
dc.contributor.authorForrester, Terrence
dc.contributor.authorLambert, Vicki
dc.contributor.authorPlange-Rhule, Jacob
dc.contributor.authorDurazo-Arvizu, Ramon
dc.contributor.authorLuke, Amy
dc.contributor.authorSchoeller, Dale A
dc.contributor.authorBovet, Pascal
dc.date.accessioned2015-07-30T03:54:59Z
dc.date.available2015-07-30T03:54:59Z
dc.date.issued2014-10-04
dc.date.updated2015-01-15T17:57:43Z
dc.description.abstractAbstract Background The association between smoking and total energy expenditure (TEE) is still controversial. We examined this association in a multi-country study where TEE was measured in a subset of participants by the doubly labeled water (DLW) method, the gold standard for this measurement. Methods This study includes 236 participants from five different African origin populations who underwent DLW measurements and had complete data on the main covariates of interest. Self-reported smoking status was categorized as either light (<7 cig/day) or high (≥7 cig/day). Lean body mass was assessed by deuterium dilution and physical activity (PA) by accelerometry. Results The prevalence of smoking was 55% in men and 16% in women with a median of 6.5 cigarettes/day. There was a trend toward lower BMI in smokers than non-smokers (not statistically significant). TEE was strongly correlated with fat-free mass (men: 0.70; women: 0.79) and with body weight (0.59 in both sexes). Using linear regression and adjusting for body weight, study site, age, PA, alcohol intake and occupation, TEE was larger in high smokers than in never smokers among men (difference of 298 kcal/day, p = 0.045) but not among women (162 kcal/day, p = 0.170). The association became slightly weaker in men (254 kcal/day, p = 0.058) and disappeared in women (−76 kcal/day, p = 0.380) when adjusting for fat-free mass instead of body weight. Conclusion There was an association between smoking and TEE among men. However, the lack of an association among women, which may be partly related to the small number of smoking women, also suggests a role of unaccounted confounding factors.
dc.identifier.apacitationGonseth, S., Dugas, L., Viswanathan, B., Forrester, T., Lambert, V., Plange-Rhule, J., ... Bovet, P. (2014). Association between smoking and total energy expenditure in a multi-country study. <i>Nutrition & Metabolism</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13588en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationGonseth, Semira, Lara Dugas, Barathi Viswanathan, Terrence Forrester, Vicki Lambert, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Ramon Durazo-Arvizu, Amy Luke, Dale A Schoeller, and Pascal Bovet "Association between smoking and total energy expenditure in a multi-country study." <i>Nutrition & Metabolism</i> (2014) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13588en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationGonseth, S., Dugas, L., Viswanathan, B., Forrester, T., Lambert, V., Plange-Rhule, J., ... & Bovet, P. (2014). Association between smoking and total energy expenditure in a multi-country study. Nutrition & metabolism, 11(1), 1-8.
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Gonseth, Semira AU - Dugas, Lara AU - Viswanathan, Barathi AU - Forrester, Terrence AU - Lambert, Vicki AU - Plange-Rhule, Jacob AU - Durazo-Arvizu, Ramon AU - Luke, Amy AU - Schoeller, Dale A AU - Bovet, Pascal AB - Abstract Background The association between smoking and total energy expenditure (TEE) is still controversial. We examined this association in a multi-country study where TEE was measured in a subset of participants by the doubly labeled water (DLW) method, the gold standard for this measurement. Methods This study includes 236 participants from five different African origin populations who underwent DLW measurements and had complete data on the main covariates of interest. Self-reported smoking status was categorized as either light (<7 cig/day) or high (≥7 cig/day). Lean body mass was assessed by deuterium dilution and physical activity (PA) by accelerometry. Results The prevalence of smoking was 55% in men and 16% in women with a median of 6.5 cigarettes/day. There was a trend toward lower BMI in smokers than non-smokers (not statistically significant). TEE was strongly correlated with fat-free mass (men: 0.70; women: 0.79) and with body weight (0.59 in both sexes). Using linear regression and adjusting for body weight, study site, age, PA, alcohol intake and occupation, TEE was larger in high smokers than in never smokers among men (difference of 298 kcal/day, p = 0.045) but not among women (162 kcal/day, p = 0.170). The association became slightly weaker in men (254 kcal/day, p = 0.058) and disappeared in women (−76 kcal/day, p = 0.380) when adjusting for fat-free mass instead of body weight. Conclusion There was an association between smoking and TEE among men. However, the lack of an association among women, which may be partly related to the small number of smoking women, also suggests a role of unaccounted confounding factors. DA - 2014-10-04 DB - OpenUCT DO - 10.1186/1743-7075-11-48 DP - University of Cape Town J1 - Nutrition & Metabolism LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2014 T1 - Association between smoking and total energy expenditure in a multi-country study TI - Association between smoking and total energy expenditure in a multi-country study UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13588 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/13588
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-11-48
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationGonseth S, Dugas L, Viswanathan B, Forrester T, Lambert V, Plange-Rhule J, et al. Association between smoking and total energy expenditure in a multi-country study. Nutrition & Metabolism. 2014; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13588.en_ZA
dc.language.rfc3066en
dc.publisher.departmentMRC/UCT RU for Exercise and Sport Medicineen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciencesen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.rightsThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License*
dc.rights.holderGonseth et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0*
dc.sourceNutrition & Metabolismen_ZA
dc.source.urihttp://www.nutritionandmetabolism.com
dc.subject.otherSmokingen_ZA
dc.subject.otherDoubly labeled wateren_ZA
dc.subject.otherTotal energy expenditureen_ZA
dc.subject.otherPhysical activityen_ZA
dc.subject.otherAccelerometeren_ZA
dc.subject.otherBody mass indexen_ZA
dc.subject.otherBody weighten_ZA
dc.titleAssociation between smoking and total energy expenditure in a multi-country study
dc.typeJournal Articleen_ZA
uct.type.filetype
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceArticleen_ZA
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