Recent Zoonotic Spillover and Tropism Shift of a Canine Coronavirus Is Associated with Relaxed Selection and Putative Loss of Function in NTD Subdomain of Spike Protein

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dc.contributor.authorZehr, Jordan D
dc.contributor.authorPond, Sergei L Kosakovsky
dc.contributor.authorMartin, Darren P
dc.contributor.authorCeres, Kristina
dc.contributor.authorWhittaker, Gary R
dc.contributor.authorMillet, Jean K
dc.contributor.authorGoodman, Laura B
dc.contributor.authorStanhope, Michael J
dc.date.accessioned2022-07-29T07:44:02Z
dc.date.available2022-07-29T07:44:02Z
dc.date.issued2022-04-21
dc.date.updated2022-05-27T13:37:09Z
dc.description.abstractA canine coronavirus (CCoV) has now been reported from two independent human samples from Malaysia (respiratory, collected in 2017&ndash;2018; CCoV-HuPn-2018) and Haiti (urine, collected in 2017); these two viruses were nearly genetically identical. In an effort to identify any novel adaptations associated with this apparent shift in tropism we carried out detailed evolutionary analyses of the spike gene of this virus in the context of related <i>Alphacoronavirus</i> 1 species. The spike 0-domain retains homology to CCoV2b (enteric infections) and Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV; enteric and respiratory). This domain is subject to relaxed selection pressure and an increased rate of molecular evolution. It contains unique amino acid substitutions, including within a region important for sialic acid binding and pathogenesis in TGEV. Overall, the spike gene is extensively recombinant, with a feline coronavirus type II strain serving a prominent role in the recombinant history of the virus. Molecular divergence time for a segment of the gene where temporal signal could be determined, was estimated at around 60 years ago. We hypothesize that the virus had an enteric origin, but that it may be losing that particular tropism, possibly because of mutations in the sialic acid binding region of the spike 0-domain.en_US
dc.identifierdoi: 10.3390/v14050853
dc.identifier.apacitationZehr, J. D., Pond, S. L. K., Martin, D. P., Ceres, K., Whittaker, G. R., Millet, J. K., ... Stanhope, M. J. (2022). Recent Zoonotic Spillover and Tropism Shift of a Canine Coronavirus Is Associated with Relaxed Selection and Putative Loss of Function in NTD Subdomain of Spike Protein. <i>Viruses</i>, 14(5), 853. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/36663en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationZehr, Jordan D, Sergei L Kosakovsky Pond, Darren P Martin, Kristina Ceres, Gary R Whittaker, Jean K Millet, Laura B Goodman, and Michael J Stanhope "Recent Zoonotic Spillover and Tropism Shift of a Canine Coronavirus Is Associated with Relaxed Selection and Putative Loss of Function in NTD Subdomain of Spike Protein." <i>Viruses</i> 14, 5. (2022): 853. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/36663en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationZehr, J.D., Pond, S.L.K., Martin, D.P., Ceres, K., Whittaker, G.R., Millet, J.K., Goodman, L.B. & Stanhope, M.J. et al. 2022. Recent Zoonotic Spillover and Tropism Shift of a Canine Coronavirus Is Associated with Relaxed Selection and Putative Loss of Function in NTD Subdomain of Spike Protein. <i>Viruses.</i> 14(5):853. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/36663en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Zehr, Jordan D AU - Pond, Sergei L Kosakovsky AU - Martin, Darren P AU - Ceres, Kristina AU - Whittaker, Gary R AU - Millet, Jean K AU - Goodman, Laura B AU - Stanhope, Michael J AB - A canine coronavirus (CCoV) has now been reported from two independent human samples from Malaysia (respiratory, collected in 2017&ndash;2018; CCoV-HuPn-2018) and Haiti (urine, collected in 2017); these two viruses were nearly genetically identical. In an effort to identify any novel adaptations associated with this apparent shift in tropism we carried out detailed evolutionary analyses of the spike gene of this virus in the context of related <i>Alphacoronavirus</i> 1 species. The spike 0-domain retains homology to CCoV2b (enteric infections) and Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV; enteric and respiratory). This domain is subject to relaxed selection pressure and an increased rate of molecular evolution. It contains unique amino acid substitutions, including within a region important for sialic acid binding and pathogenesis in TGEV. Overall, the spike gene is extensively recombinant, with a feline coronavirus type II strain serving a prominent role in the recombinant history of the virus. Molecular divergence time for a segment of the gene where temporal signal could be determined, was estimated at around 60 years ago. We hypothesize that the virus had an enteric origin, but that it may be losing that particular tropism, possibly because of mutations in the sialic acid binding region of the spike 0-domain. DA - 2022-04-21 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town IS - 5 J1 - Viruses LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PY - 2022 T1 - Recent Zoonotic Spillover and Tropism Shift of a Canine Coronavirus Is Associated with Relaxed Selection and Putative Loss of Function in NTD Subdomain of Spike Protein TI - Recent Zoonotic Spillover and Tropism Shift of a Canine Coronavirus Is Associated with Relaxed Selection and Putative Loss of Function in NTD Subdomain of Spike Protein UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/36663 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/36663
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationZehr JD, Pond SLK, Martin DP, Ceres K, Whittaker GR, Millet JK, et al. Recent Zoonotic Spillover and Tropism Shift of a Canine Coronavirus Is Associated with Relaxed Selection and Putative Loss of Function in NTD Subdomain of Spike Protein. Viruses. 2022;14(5):853. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/36663.en_ZA
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Integrative Biomedical Sciencesen_US
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciencesen_US
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_US
dc.sourceVirusesen_US
dc.source.journalissue5en_US
dc.source.journalvolume14en_US
dc.source.pagination853en_US
dc.titleRecent Zoonotic Spillover and Tropism Shift of a Canine Coronavirus Is Associated with Relaxed Selection and Putative Loss of Function in NTD Subdomain of Spike Proteinen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
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