The hydrological regime of a forested tropical Andean catchment

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dc.contributor.authorWest, A J
dc.contributor.authorHilton, R G
dc.contributor.authorNew, M
dc.contributor.authorHorwath, A B
dc.contributor.authorFisher, J B
dc.contributor.authorRapp, J M
dc.contributor.authorRobles Caceres, A
dc.contributor.authorMalhi, Y
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-08T07:04:13Z
dc.date.available2021-10-08T07:04:13Z
dc.date.issued2014
dc.description.abstractThe hydrology of tropical mountain catchments plays a central role in ecological function, geochemical and biogeochemical cycles, erosion and sediment production, and water supply in globally important environments. There have been few studies quantifying the seasonal and annual water budgets in the montane tropics, particularly in cloud forests. We investigated the water balance and hydrologic regime of the Kosñipata catchment (basin area: 164.4 km<sup>2</sup>) over the period 2010–2011. The catchment spans over 2500 m in elevation in the eastern Peruvian Andes and is dominated by tropical montane cloud forest with some high-elevation <i>puna</i> grasslands. Catchment-wide rainfall was 3112 ± 414 mm yr<sup>−1</sup>, calculated by calibrating Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B43 rainfall with rainfall data from nine meteorological stations in the catchment. Cloud water input to streamflow was 316 ± 116 mm yr<sup>−1</sup> (9.2% of total inputs), calculated from an isotopic mixing model using deuterium excess (Dxs) and δD of waters. Field streamflow was measured in 2010 by recording height and calibrating to discharge. River run-off was estimated to be 2796 ± 126 mm yr<sup>−1</sup>. Actual evapotranspiration (AET) was 688 ± 138 mm yr<sup>−1</sup>, determined using the Priestley and Taylor–Jet Propulsion Laboratory (PT-JPL) model. The overall water budget was balanced within 1.6 ± 13.7%. Relationships between monthly rainfall and river run-off follow an anticlockwise hysteresis through the year, with a persistence of high run-off after the end of the wet season. The size of the soil and shallow groundwater reservoir is most likely insufficient to explain sustained dry-season flow. Thus, the observed hysteresis in rainfall–run-off relationships is best explained by sustained groundwater flow in the dry season, which is consistent with the water isotope results that suggest persistent wet-season sources to streamflow throughout the year. These results demonstrate the importance of transient groundwater storage in stabilising the annual hydrograph in this region of the Andes.
dc.identifier.apacitationWest, A. J., Hilton, R. G., New, M., Horwath, A. B., Fisher, J. B., Rapp, J. M., ... Malhi, Y. (2014). The hydrological regime of a forested tropical Andean catchment. <i>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences</i>, 18(12), 5377 - 5397. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34457en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationWest, A J, R G Hilton, M New, A B Horwath, J B Fisher, J M Rapp, A Robles Caceres, and Y Malhi "The hydrological regime of a forested tropical Andean catchment." <i>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences</i> 18, 12. (2014): 5377 - 5397. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34457en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationWest, A.J., Hilton, R.G., New, M., Horwath, A.B., Fisher, J.B., Rapp, J.M., Robles Caceres, A. & Malhi, Y. et al. 2014. The hydrological regime of a forested tropical Andean catchment. <i>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences.</i> 18(12):5377 - 5397. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34457en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn1027-5606
dc.identifier.issn1607-7938
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - West, A J AU - Hilton, R G AU - New, M AU - Horwath, A B AU - Fisher, J B AU - Rapp, J M AU - Robles Caceres, A AU - Malhi, Y AB - The hydrology of tropical mountain catchments plays a central role in ecological function, geochemical and biogeochemical cycles, erosion and sediment production, and water supply in globally important environments. There have been few studies quantifying the seasonal and annual water budgets in the montane tropics, particularly in cloud forests. We investigated the water balance and hydrologic regime of the Kosñipata catchment (basin area: 164.4 km<sup>2</sup>) over the period 2010–2011. The catchment spans over 2500 m in elevation in the eastern Peruvian Andes and is dominated by tropical montane cloud forest with some high-elevation <i>puna</i> grasslands. Catchment-wide rainfall was 3112 ± 414 mm yr<sup>−1</sup>, calculated by calibrating Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B43 rainfall with rainfall data from nine meteorological stations in the catchment. Cloud water input to streamflow was 316 ± 116 mm yr<sup>−1</sup> (9.2% of total inputs), calculated from an isotopic mixing model using deuterium excess (Dxs) and δD of waters. Field streamflow was measured in 2010 by recording height and calibrating to discharge. River run-off was estimated to be 2796 ± 126 mm yr<sup>−1</sup>. Actual evapotranspiration (AET) was 688 ± 138 mm yr<sup>−1</sup>, determined using the Priestley and Taylor–Jet Propulsion Laboratory (PT-JPL) model. The overall water budget was balanced within 1.6 ± 13.7%. Relationships between monthly rainfall and river run-off follow an anticlockwise hysteresis through the year, with a persistence of high run-off after the end of the wet season. The size of the soil and shallow groundwater reservoir is most likely insufficient to explain sustained dry-season flow. Thus, the observed hysteresis in rainfall–run-off relationships is best explained by sustained groundwater flow in the dry season, which is consistent with the water isotope results that suggest persistent wet-season sources to streamflow throughout the year. These results demonstrate the importance of transient groundwater storage in stabilising the annual hydrograph in this region of the Andes. DA - 2014 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town IS - 12 J1 - Hydrology and Earth System Sciences LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PY - 2014 SM - 1027-5606 SM - 1607-7938 T1 - The hydrological regime of a forested tropical Andean catchment TI - The hydrological regime of a forested tropical Andean catchment UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34457 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/34457
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationWest AJ, Hilton RG, New M, Horwath AB, Fisher JB, Rapp JM, et al. The hydrological regime of a forested tropical Andean catchment. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 2014;18(12):5377 - 5397. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34457.en_ZA
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisher.departmentAfrican Climate and Development Initiative
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Science
dc.sourceHydrology and Earth System Sciences
dc.source.journalissue12
dc.source.journalvolume18
dc.source.pagination5377 - 5397
dc.source.urihttps://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-5377-2014
dc.subject.othermontane cloud forest
dc.subject.otheratmosphere water flux
dc.subject.otheramazon river-basin
dc.subject.otherelevation gradient
dc.subject.otherstable-isotopes
dc.subject.otherperuvian-andes
dc.subject.othersuspended sediment
dc.subject.otherrain-forest
dc.subject.otherpuerto-rico
dc.subject.othercosta-rica
dc.titleThe hydrological regime of a forested tropical Andean catchment
dc.typeJournal Article
uct.type.publicationResearch
uct.type.resourceJournal Article
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