Folate intake and associated predictors among pregnant women living with and without HIV in the Klipfontein-Mitchells Plain sub-district, South Africa: A cross

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dc.contributor.advisorMadlala, Hlengiwe
dc.contributor.authorNhlapo, Pieriette
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-28T12:58:35Z
dc.date.available2026-09-28T12:58:35Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.date.updated2026-09-28T12:48:15Z
dc.description.abstractObjectives: The objectives were to describe dietary folate intake and folic acid supplementation status among pregnant women living with HIV (WLHIV) and without HIV (WLWHIV), to identify predictors of intake including but not limited to socio-economic status, food security, anxiety disorder and gastrointestinal (GI) tract symptoms, and to identify predictors of meeting recommended levels. Design: This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the Obesogenic Origins of Maternal and Child Metabolic Health involving Dolutegravir (ORCHID), longitudinal cohort study. Setting: The study was conducted at two maternity obstetric units in the Klipfontein-Mitchells Plain sub-district. Participants: Pregnant women (n =1920, ≥ 16 years, ≤ 22 weeks' gestation) from the ORCHID study's enrolment visit were included. Results: Among the participants, 41.9% were WLHIV and 58.1% WLWHIV. The median gestational age was 13 weeks (IQ, 9.0-15.0). Only 8.2% met folate levels through diet alone. While 63.6% reported daily folic acid supplementation, this was more prevalent among WLHIV. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses indicated that WLHIV consumed more dietary folate (0.02 μg/day; CI -18.5, 18.6) and had a higher adjusted odds of daily folic acid supplementation (aOR: 1.5; CI 1.3, 1.9). Dietary folate intake was associated with age, gestational age (GA) and total energy intake, while supplementation associated with GA, education and anxiety disorder. No significant association was found with hunger. Conclusion: The women showed a significant gap in meeting recommended dietary folate levels, with many missing the critical window for folic acid supplementation. Interventions focusing on improved food systems, promoting preconception care and early antenatal attendance are urgently needed.
dc.identifier.apacitationNhlapo, P. (2026). <i>Factors influencing folate intake among pregnant women living with and without HIV in the Klipfontein &amp; Mitchells Plain District, South Africa: A cross-sectional study</i>. (). University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Public Health and Family Medicine. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/43834en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationNhlapo, Pieriette. <i>"Factors influencing folate intake among pregnant women living with and without HIV in the Klipfontein &amp; Mitchells Plain District, South Africa: A cross-sectional study."</i> ., University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, 2026. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/43834en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationNhlapo, P. 2026. Factors influencing folate intake among pregnant women living with and without HIV in the Klipfontein &amp; Mitchells Plain District, South Africa: A cross-sectional study. . University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Public Health and Family Medicine. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/43834en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Thesis / Dissertation AU - Nhlapo, Pieriette AB - Objectives: The objectives were to describe dietary folate intake and folic acid supplementation status among pregnant women living with HIV (WLHIV) and without HIV (WLWHIV), to identify predictors of intake including but not limited to socio-economic status, food security, anxiety disorder and gastrointestinal (GI) tract symptoms, and to identify predictors of meeting recommended levels. Design: This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the Obesogenic Origins of Maternal and Child Metabolic Health involving Dolutegravir (ORCHID), longitudinal cohort study. Setting: The study was conducted at two maternity obstetric units in the Klipfontein-Mitchells Plain sub-district. Participants: Pregnant women (n =1920, ≥ 16 years, ≤ 22 weeks' gestation) from the ORCHID study's enrolment visit were included. Results: Among the participants, 41.9% were WLHIV and 58.1% WLWHIV. The median gestational age was 13 weeks (IQ, 9.0-15.0). Only 8.2% met folate levels through diet alone. While 63.6% reported daily folic acid supplementation, this was more prevalent among WLHIV. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses indicated that WLHIV consumed more dietary folate (0.02 μg/day; CI -18.5, 18.6) and had a higher adjusted odds of daily folic acid supplementation (aOR: 1.5; CI 1.3, 1.9). Dietary folate intake was associated with age, gestational age (GA) and total energy intake, while supplementation associated with GA, education and anxiety disorder. No significant association was found with hunger. Conclusion: The women showed a significant gap in meeting recommended dietary folate levels, with many missing the critical window for folic acid supplementation. Interventions focusing on improved food systems, promoting preconception care and early antenatal attendance are urgently needed. DA - 2026 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town KW - Dietary folate KW - folic acid KW - human immunodeficiency virus KW - pregnancy LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2026 T1 - Factors influencing folate intake among pregnant women living with and without HIV in the Klipfontein &amp; Mitchells Plain District, South Africa: A cross-sectional study TI - Factors influencing folate intake among pregnant women living with and without HIV in the Klipfontein &amp; Mitchells Plain District, South Africa: A cross-sectional study UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/43834 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/43834
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationNhlapo P. Factors influencing folate intake among pregnant women living with and without HIV in the Klipfontein &amp; Mitchells Plain District, South Africa: A cross-sectional study. []. University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, 2026 [cited yyyy month dd]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/43834en_ZA
dc.language.isoen
dc.language.rfc3066eng
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Public Health and Family Medicine
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciences
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.subjectDietary folate
dc.subjectfolic acid
dc.subjecthuman immunodeficiency virus
dc.subjectpregnancy
dc.titleFolate intake and associated predictors among pregnant women living with and without HIV in the Klipfontein-Mitchells Plain sub-district, South Africa: A cross
dc.typeThesis / Dissertation
dc.type.qualificationlevelMasters
dc.type.qualificationlevelMPH
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