Consistent phenological shifts in the making of a biodiversity hotspot: the Cape flora

Simple item page
dc.contributor.authorWarren, Benen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBakker, Freeken_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBellstedt, Dirken_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBytebier, Bennyen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorClaSZen-Bockhoff, Regineen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorDreyer, Leanneen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorEdwards, Dawnen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorForest, Felixen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorGalley, Chloeen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHardy, Christopheren_ZA
dc.contributor.authorLinder, H Peteren_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMuasya, A Muthamaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMummenhoff, Klausen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorOberlander, Kennethen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorQuinten_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2015-11-18T04:04:11Z
dc.date.available2015-11-18T04:04:11Z
dc.date.issued2011en_ZA
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND: The best documented survival responses of organisms to past climate change on short (glacial-interglacial) timescales are distributional shifts. Despite ample evidence on such timescales for local adaptations of populations at specific sites, the long-term impacts of such changes on evolutionary significant units in response to past climatic change have been little documented. Here we use phylogenies to reconstruct changes in distribution and flowering ecology of the Cape flora - South Africa's biodiversity hotspot - through a period of past (Neogene and Quaternary) changes in the seasonality of rainfall over a timescale of several million years. RESULTS: Forty-three distributional and phenological shifts consistent with past climatic change occur across the flora, and a comparable number of clades underwent adaptive changes in their flowering phenology (9 clades; half of the clades investigated) as underwent distributional shifts (12 clades; two thirds of the clades investigated). Of extant Cape angiosperm species, 14-41% have been contributed by lineages that show distributional shifts consistent with past climate change, yet a similar proportion (14-55%) arose from lineages that shifted flowering phenology. CONCLUSIONS: Adaptive changes in ecology at the scale we uncover in the Cape and consistent with past climatic change have not been documented for other floras. Shifts in climate tolerance appear to have been more important in this flora than is currently appreciated, and lineages that underwent such shifts went on to contribute a high proportion of the flora's extant species diversity. That shifts in phenology, on an evolutionary timescale and on such a scale, have not yet been detected for other floras is likely a result of the method used; shifts in flowering phenology cannot be detected in the fossil record.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationWarren, B., Bakker, F., Bellstedt, D., Bytebier, B., ClaSZen-Bockhoff, R., Dreyer, L., ... (2011). Consistent phenological shifts in the making of a biodiversity hotspot: the Cape flora. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15110en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationWarren, Ben, Freek Bakker, Dirk Bellstedt, Benny Bytebier, Regine ClaSZen-Bockhoff, Leanne Dreyer, Dawn Edwards, et al "Consistent phenological shifts in the making of a biodiversity hotspot: the Cape flora." <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i> (2011) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15110en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationWarren, B. H., Bakker, F. T., Bellstedt, D. U., Bytebier, B., Claßen-Bockhoff, R., Dreyer, L. L., ... & Hawkins, J. A. (2011). Consistent phenological shifts in the making of a biodiversity hotspot: the Cape flora. BMC evolutionary biology, 11(1), 39.en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Warren, Ben AU - Bakker, Freek AU - Bellstedt, Dirk AU - Bytebier, Benny AU - ClaSZen-Bockhoff, Regine AU - Dreyer, Leanne AU - Edwards, Dawn AU - Forest, Felix AU - Galley, Chloe AU - Hardy, Christopher AU - Linder, H Peter AU - Muasya, A Muthama AU - Mummenhoff, Klaus AU - Oberlander, Kenneth AU - Quint AB - BACKGROUND: The best documented survival responses of organisms to past climate change on short (glacial-interglacial) timescales are distributional shifts. Despite ample evidence on such timescales for local adaptations of populations at specific sites, the long-term impacts of such changes on evolutionary significant units in response to past climatic change have been little documented. Here we use phylogenies to reconstruct changes in distribution and flowering ecology of the Cape flora - South Africa's biodiversity hotspot - through a period of past (Neogene and Quaternary) changes in the seasonality of rainfall over a timescale of several million years. RESULTS: Forty-three distributional and phenological shifts consistent with past climatic change occur across the flora, and a comparable number of clades underwent adaptive changes in their flowering phenology (9 clades; half of the clades investigated) as underwent distributional shifts (12 clades; two thirds of the clades investigated). Of extant Cape angiosperm species, 14-41% have been contributed by lineages that show distributional shifts consistent with past climate change, yet a similar proportion (14-55%) arose from lineages that shifted flowering phenology. CONCLUSIONS: Adaptive changes in ecology at the scale we uncover in the Cape and consistent with past climatic change have not been documented for other floras. Shifts in climate tolerance appear to have been more important in this flora than is currently appreciated, and lineages that underwent such shifts went on to contribute a high proportion of the flora's extant species diversity. That shifts in phenology, on an evolutionary timescale and on such a scale, have not yet been detected for other floras is likely a result of the method used; shifts in flowering phenology cannot be detected in the fossil record. DA - 2011 DB - OpenUCT DO - 10.1186/1471-2148-11-39 DP - University of Cape Town J1 - BMC Evolutionary Biology LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2011 T1 - Consistent phenological shifts in the making of a biodiversity hotspot: the Cape flora TI - Consistent phenological shifts in the making of a biodiversity hotspot: the Cape flora UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15110 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/15110
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-39
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationWarren B, Bakker F, Bellstedt D, Bytebier B, ClaSZen-Bockhoff R, Dreyer L, et al. Consistent phenological shifts in the making of a biodiversity hotspot: the Cape flora. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2011; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15110.en_ZA
dc.language.isoengen_ZA
dc.publisherBioMed Central Ltden_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Biological Sciencesen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Scienceen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.rightsThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licenseen_ZA
dc.rights.holder2011 Warren et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.en_ZA
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0en_ZA
dc.sourceBMC Evolutionary Biologyen_ZA
dc.source.urihttp://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcevolbiol/en_ZA
dc.subject.otherClimate changeen_ZA
dc.subject.otherSurvival responsesen_ZA
dc.subject.otherEvolutionary Biologyen_ZA
dc.titleConsistent phenological shifts in the making of a biodiversity hotspot: the Cape floraen_ZA
dc.typeJournal Articleen_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceArticleen_ZA
Files
Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Thumbnail Image
Name:
Warren_Phenological_shifts_2011.pdf
Size:
1.49 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Description:
Download
Collections
Journal Articles