The penile microbiota of Black South African men: relationship with human papillomavirus and HIV infection

dc.contributor.authorOnywera, Harris
dc.contributor.authorWilliamson, Anna-Lise
dc.contributor.authorCozzuto, Luca
dc.contributor.authorBonnin, Sarah
dc.contributor.authorMbulawa, Zizipho Z A
dc.contributor.authorCoetzee, David
dc.contributor.authorPonomarenko, Julia
dc.contributor.authorMeiring, Tracy L
dc.date.accessioned2020-05-28T13:09:50Z
dc.date.available2020-05-28T13:09:50Z
dc.date.issued2020-04-06
dc.date.updated2020-04-12T03:14:36Z
dc.description.abstractBackground To date, the microbiota of the human penis has been studied mostly in connection with circumcision, HIV risk and female partner bacterial vaginosis (BV). These studies have shown that male circumcision reduces penile anaerobic bacteria, that greater abundance of penile anaerobic bacteria is correlated with increased cytokine levels and greater risk of HIV infection, and that the penile microbiota is an important harbour for BV-associated bacteria. While circumcision has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of acquiring human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the relationship of the penile microbiota with HPV is still unknown. In this study, we examined the penile microbiota of HPV-infected men as well as the impact of HIV status. Results The penile skin microbiota of 238 men from Cape Town (South Africa) were profiled using Illumina sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Corynebacterium and Prevotella were found to be the most abundant genera. Six distinct community state types (CSTs) were identified. CST-1, dominated by Corynebacterium, corresponded to less infections with high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) relative to CSTs 2–6. Men in CST-5 had greater relative abundances of Prevotella, Clostridiales, and Porphyromonas and a lower relative abundance of Corynebacterium. Moreover, they were significantly more likely to have HPV or HR-HPV infections than men in CST-1. Using a machine learning approach, we identified greater relative abundances of the anaerobic BV-associated bacteria (Prevotella, Peptinophilus, and Dialister) and lower relative abundance of Corynebacterium in HR-HPV-infected men compared to HR-HPV-uninfected men. No association was observed between HIV and CST, although the penile microbiota of HIV-infected men had greater relative abundances of Staphylococcus compared to HIV-uninfected men. Conclusions We found significant differences in the penile microbiota composition of men with and without HPV and HIV infections. HIV and HR-HPV infections were strongly associated with greater relative abundances of Staphylococcus and BV-associated bacterial taxa (notably Prevotella, Peptinophilus and Dialister), respectively. It is possible that these taxa could increase susceptibility to HIV and HR-HPV acquisition, in addition to creating conditions in which infections persist. Further longitudinal studies are required to establish causal relationships and to determine the extent of the effect.en_US
dc.identifier.apacitationOnywera, H., Williamson, A., Cozzuto, L., Bonnin, S., Mbulawa, Z. Z. A., Coetzee, D., ... Meiring, T. L. (2020). The penile microbiota of Black South African men: relationship with human papillomavirus and HIV infection. <i>BMC Microbiology</i>, 20(1), 78. en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationOnywera, Harris, Anna-Lise Williamson, Luca Cozzuto, Sarah Bonnin, Zizipho Z A Mbulawa, David Coetzee, Julia Ponomarenko, and Tracy L Meiring "The penile microbiota of Black South African men: relationship with human papillomavirus and HIV infection." <i>BMC Microbiology</i> 20, 1. (2020): 78. en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationOnywera, H., Williamson, A., Cozzuto, L., Bonnin, S., Mbulawa, Z.Z.A., Coetzee, D., Ponomarenko, J. & Meiring, T.L. et al. 2020. The penile microbiota of Black South African men: relationship with human papillomavirus and HIV infection. <i>BMC Microbiology.</i> 20(1):78. en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Onywera, Harris AU - Williamson, Anna-Lise AU - Cozzuto, Luca AU - Bonnin, Sarah AU - Mbulawa, Zizipho Z A AU - Coetzee, David AU - Ponomarenko, Julia AU - Meiring, Tracy L AB - Background To date, the microbiota of the human penis has been studied mostly in connection with circumcision, HIV risk and female partner bacterial vaginosis (BV). These studies have shown that male circumcision reduces penile anaerobic bacteria, that greater abundance of penile anaerobic bacteria is correlated with increased cytokine levels and greater risk of HIV infection, and that the penile microbiota is an important harbour for BV-associated bacteria. While circumcision has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of acquiring human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the relationship of the penile microbiota with HPV is still unknown. In this study, we examined the penile microbiota of HPV-infected men as well as the impact of HIV status. Results The penile skin microbiota of 238 men from Cape Town (South Africa) were profiled using Illumina sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Corynebacterium and Prevotella were found to be the most abundant genera. Six distinct community state types (CSTs) were identified. CST-1, dominated by Corynebacterium, corresponded to less infections with high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) relative to CSTs 2–6. Men in CST-5 had greater relative abundances of Prevotella, Clostridiales, and Porphyromonas and a lower relative abundance of Corynebacterium. Moreover, they were significantly more likely to have HPV or HR-HPV infections than men in CST-1. Using a machine learning approach, we identified greater relative abundances of the anaerobic BV-associated bacteria (Prevotella, Peptinophilus, and Dialister) and lower relative abundance of Corynebacterium in HR-HPV-infected men compared to HR-HPV-uninfected men. No association was observed between HIV and CST, although the penile microbiota of HIV-infected men had greater relative abundances of Staphylococcus compared to HIV-uninfected men. Conclusions We found significant differences in the penile microbiota composition of men with and without HPV and HIV infections. HIV and HR-HPV infections were strongly associated with greater relative abundances of Staphylococcus and BV-associated bacterial taxa (notably Prevotella, Peptinophilus and Dialister), respectively. It is possible that these taxa could increase susceptibility to HIV and HR-HPV acquisition, in addition to creating conditions in which infections persist. Further longitudinal studies are required to establish causal relationships and to determine the extent of the effect. DA - 2020-04-06 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town IS - 1 J1 - BMC Microbiology KW - Microbiota KW - Penile KW - Human papillomavirus (HPV) KW - HIV LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PY - 2020 T1 - The penile microbiota of Black South African men: relationship with human papillomavirus and HIV infection TI - The penile microbiota of Black South African men: relationship with human papillomavirus and HIV infection UR - ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-020-01759-x
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11427/31999
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationOnywera H, Williamson A, Cozzuto L, Bonnin S, Mbulawa ZZA, Coetzee D, et al. The penile microbiota of Black South African men: relationship with human papillomavirus and HIV infection. BMC Microbiology. 2020;20(1):78. .en_ZA
dc.language.rfc3066en
dc.publisher.departmentDivision of Virologyen_US
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciencesen_US
dc.rights.holderThe Author(s)
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_US
dc.sourceBMC Microbiologyen_US
dc.source.journalissue1en_US
dc.source.journalvolume20
dc.source.pagination78en_US
dc.source.urihttps://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/
dc.source.urihttps://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/
dc.subjectMicrobiotaen_US
dc.subjectPenileen_US
dc.subjectHuman papillomavirus (HPV)en_US
dc.subjectHIVen_US
dc.titleThe penile microbiota of Black South African men: relationship with human papillomavirus and HIV infectionen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
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