The effect of response measures to climate change on South Africa's economy and trade

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dc.contributor.authorJooste, Meagan
dc.contributor.authorWinkler, Harald
dc.contributor.authorvan Seventer, Dirk
dc.contributor.authorTruong, Truong P
dc.date.accessioned2016-02-08T08:02:55Z
dc.date.available2016-02-08T08:02:55Z
dc.date.issued2009
dc.date.updated2016-02-03T09:28:11Z
dc.description.abstractArticle 4.8 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) provides that ‘Parties shall give full consideration to … the impact of the implementation of response measures, especially on … (h) Countries whose economies are highly dependent on income generated from the production, processing and export, and/or on consumption of fossil fuels and associated energy intensive products’. Article 2.3 of the Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC requires that developed country Parties (Annex I) ‘shall strive to implement policies and measures … in such a way to minimize … effects on international trade’ as well as minimizing the adverse effects on developing country Parties (Article 3.14). If Annex I Parties implement mitigation, they are assumed to buy less oil, coal or other fossil fuels. In this context, response measures are actions taken or initiated by developed countries (Annex 1) but with the impacts and ramifications flowing on to developing countries. The concern of developing countries, therefore, is in those impacts which to a greater or lesser extent depend on the degree of exposure of developing countries to trade (with or without the implementation of corresponding climate measures within the developing countries themselves). The South African economy derives much of its growth from production related to the energy-intensive sectors of its economy. In general, with the climate negotiations on the future of the climate regime post-2012, the implications for energy-intensive and trade-exposed sectors of the economy need to be clearly understood. This research confirms findings of previous studies (see Section 1.3), that the impacts of response measures may imply losses of exports in some sectors, but also possibly gains in other sectors. In this report the scenarios examined are broader than those examined under an earlier Fund of Research into Industrial Development, Growth and Equity (FRIDGE) study. In particular, this study highlights the impacts which response measures have on sectors other than the manufacturing sector, including mining, agriculture and tourism. The present report has provided a more specific identification of energy-intensive and trade-intensive sectors – and those that are both energy- and trade-intensive. We have also examined variations related to scenarios with and without emission trading among Annex I countries, and extended this to the consideration of a no-lose crediting approach for non-Annex I (NAI) countries.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationJooste, M., Winkler, H., van Seventer, D., & Truong, T. P. (2009). The effect of response measures to climate change on South Africa's economy and trade. <i>http://www.erc.uct.ac.za/Research/publications/09Joosteetal-Response_Measures.pdf</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16871en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationJooste, Meagan, Harald Winkler, Dirk van Seventer, and Truong P Truong "The effect of response measures to climate change on South Africa's economy and trade." <i>http://www.erc.uct.ac.za/Research/publications/09Joosteetal-Response_Measures.pdf</i> (2009) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16871en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationJooste, M.; Winkler, H.; van Seventer, D. & Truong, T.P. (2008) The effect of response measures to climate change on South Africa's economy and trade. Final Report to the Department of Environmental Affairs. Cape Town, Energy Research Centre.en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Jooste, Meagan AU - Winkler, Harald AU - van Seventer, Dirk AU - Truong, Truong P AB - Article 4.8 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) provides that ‘Parties shall give full consideration to … the impact of the implementation of response measures, especially on … (h) Countries whose economies are highly dependent on income generated from the production, processing and export, and/or on consumption of fossil fuels and associated energy intensive products’. Article 2.3 of the Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC requires that developed country Parties (Annex I) ‘shall strive to implement policies and measures … in such a way to minimize … effects on international trade’ as well as minimizing the adverse effects on developing country Parties (Article 3.14). If Annex I Parties implement mitigation, they are assumed to buy less oil, coal or other fossil fuels. In this context, response measures are actions taken or initiated by developed countries (Annex 1) but with the impacts and ramifications flowing on to developing countries. The concern of developing countries, therefore, is in those impacts which to a greater or lesser extent depend on the degree of exposure of developing countries to trade (with or without the implementation of corresponding climate measures within the developing countries themselves). The South African economy derives much of its growth from production related to the energy-intensive sectors of its economy. In general, with the climate negotiations on the future of the climate regime post-2012, the implications for energy-intensive and trade-exposed sectors of the economy need to be clearly understood. This research confirms findings of previous studies (see Section 1.3), that the impacts of response measures may imply losses of exports in some sectors, but also possibly gains in other sectors. In this report the scenarios examined are broader than those examined under an earlier Fund of Research into Industrial Development, Growth and Equity (FRIDGE) study. In particular, this study highlights the impacts which response measures have on sectors other than the manufacturing sector, including mining, agriculture and tourism. The present report has provided a more specific identification of energy-intensive and trade-intensive sectors – and those that are both energy- and trade-intensive. We have also examined variations related to scenarios with and without emission trading among Annex I countries, and extended this to the consideration of a no-lose crediting approach for non-Annex I (NAI) countries. DA - 2009 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town J1 - http://www.erc.uct.ac.za/Research/publications/09Joosteetal-Response_Measures.pdf LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2009 T1 - The effect of response measures to climate change on South Africa's economy and trade TI - The effect of response measures to climate change on South Africa's economy and trade UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16871 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/16871
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationJooste M, Winkler H, van Seventer D, Truong TP. The effect of response measures to climate change on South Africa's economy and trade. http://www.erc.uct.ac.za/Research/publications/09Joosteetal-Response_Measures.pdf. 2009; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16871.en_ZA
dc.languageengen_ZA
dc.publisherEnergy Research Centre, University of Cape Town.en_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentEnergy Research Centreen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Engineering and the Built Environment
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_ZA
dc.sourcehttp://www.erc.uct.ac.za/Research/publications/09Joosteetal-Response_Measures.pdfen_ZA
dc.subject.otherKyoto protocol
dc.subject.otherClimatic changes
dc.subject.otherGreenhouse gas mitigation
dc.titleThe effect of response measures to climate change on South Africa's economy and tradeen_ZA
dc.typeJournal Articleen_ZA
uct.subject.keywordsresponse measuresen_ZA
uct.subject.keywordsclimate changeen_ZA
uct.subject.keywordseconomyen_ZA
uct.subject.keywordssouth africaen_ZA
uct.subject.keywordstradeen_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceArticleen_ZA
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