Correlates of suicidality in South African high school learners: a cross-sectional study

Kganyago, Moloko

Correlates of suicidality in South African high school learners: a cross-sectional study

Thesis / Dissertation

2026

Publisher

University of Cape Town

Department

Department of Psychology

Faculty

Faculty of Humanities

Abstract

Adolescent suicidality is a significant global concern, with numerous factors potentially contributing to its prevalence. However, the specific correlates of suicidality in South Africa remain inadequately understood, particularly in the context of recent social disruptions, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the pandemic, there was a notable increase in suicidality rates, prompting further investigation into its underlying determinants. This study conducted a cross-sectional survey was administered to 161 learners from two schools in Gauteng, South Africa, to examine suicidal ideation and its potential correlates. The survey explored factors including low future expectations, depression, anxiety, strained familial, teacher and peer relationships, experiences of abuse, bullying, cyberbullying, and living in unsafe neighbourhoods. Univariate analyses revealed significant correlations between suicidality and several variables, including depression, strained relationships with both parents, low expectations for the future, household conflict, strained teacher and peer relationships, bullying, cyberbullying, substance abuse, and limited social support. Strongest correlations (r > 0.40) were observed between suicidality and depression, anxiety, relationships with mothers and peers, and experiences of bullying. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that parental relationships and depression were the most critical predictors of suicidality among grade 10 and 11 learners. These findings highlight the urgent need for accessible mental health interventions, particularly within schools, as well as broader efforts to provide support through digital platforms and organizations such as the South African Depression and Anxiety Group, which offers free resources.