Divergent evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of cassava mosaic geminiviruses in Madagascar

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dc.contributor.authorDe Bruyn, Alexandre
dc.contributor.authorHarimalala, Mireille
dc.contributor.authorZinga, Innocent
dc.contributor.authorMabvakure, Batsirai M
dc.contributor.authorHoareau, Murielle
dc.contributor.authorRavigné, Virginie
dc.contributor.authorWalters, Matthew
dc.contributor.authorReynaud, Bernard
dc.contributor.authorVarsani, Arvind
dc.contributor.authorHarkins, Gordon W
dc.contributor.authorMartin, Darren P
dc.contributor.authorLett, Jean-Michel
dc.contributor.authorLefeuvre, Pierre
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-08T06:20:20Z
dc.date.available2021-10-08T06:20:20Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.description.abstractAbstract Background Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) in Madagascar is caused by a complex of at least six African cassava mosaic geminivirus (CMG) species. This provides a rare opportunity for a comparative study of the evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of distinct pathogenic crop-infecting viral species that coexist within the same environment. The genetic and spatial structure of CMG populations in Madagascar was studied and Bayesian phylogeographic modelling was applied to infer the origins of Madagascan CMG populations within the epidemiological context of related populations situated on mainland Africa and other south western Indian Ocean (SWIO) islands. Results The isolation and analysis of 279 DNA-A and 117 DNA-B sequences revealed the presence in Madagascar of four prevalent CMG species (South African cassava mosaic virus, SACMV; African cassava mosaic virus, ACMV; East African cassava mosaic Kenya virus, EACMKV; and East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus, EACMCV), and of numerous CMG recombinants that have, to date, only ever been detected on this island. SACMV and ACMV, the two most prevalent viruses, displayed low degrees of genetic diversity and have most likely been introduced to the island only once. By contrast, EACMV-like CMG populations (consisting of East African cassava mosaic virus, EAMCKV, EACMCV and complex recombinants of these) were more diverse, more spatially structured, and displayed evidence of at least three independent introductions from mainland Africa. Although there were no statistically supported virus movement events between Madagascar and the other SWIO islands, at least one mainland African ACMV variant likely originated in Madagascar. Conclusions Our study highlights both the complexity of CMD in Madagascar, and the distinct evolutionary and spatial dynamics of the different viral species that collectively are associated with this disease. Given that more distinct CMG species and recombinants have been found in Madagascar than any other similarly sized region of the world, the risks of recombinant CMG variants emerging on this island are likely to be higher than elsewhere. Evidence of an epidemiological link between Madagascan and mainland African CMGs suggests that the consequences of such emergence events could reach far beyond the shores of this island.
dc.identifier.apacitationDe Bruyn, A., Harimalala, M., Zinga, I., Mabvakure, B. M., Hoareau, M., Ravigné, V., ... Lefeuvre, P. (2016). Divergent evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of cassava mosaic geminiviruses in Madagascar. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>, 16(1), 174 - 177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34255en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationDe Bruyn, Alexandre, Mireille Harimalala, Innocent Zinga, Batsirai M Mabvakure, Murielle Hoareau, Virginie Ravigné, Matthew Walters, et al "Divergent evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of cassava mosaic geminiviruses in Madagascar." <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i> 16, 1. (2016): 174 - 177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34255en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationDe Bruyn, A., Harimalala, M., Zinga, I., Mabvakure, B.M., Hoareau, M., Ravigné, V., Walters, M. & Reynaud, B. et al. 2016. Divergent evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of cassava mosaic geminiviruses in Madagascar. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology.</i> 16(1):174 - 177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34255en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn1471-2148
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - De Bruyn, Alexandre AU - Harimalala, Mireille AU - Zinga, Innocent AU - Mabvakure, Batsirai M AU - Hoareau, Murielle AU - Ravigné, Virginie AU - Walters, Matthew AU - Reynaud, Bernard AU - Varsani, Arvind AU - Harkins, Gordon W AU - Martin, Darren P AU - Lett, Jean-Michel AU - Lefeuvre, Pierre AB - Abstract Background Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) in Madagascar is caused by a complex of at least six African cassava mosaic geminivirus (CMG) species. This provides a rare opportunity for a comparative study of the evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of distinct pathogenic crop-infecting viral species that coexist within the same environment. The genetic and spatial structure of CMG populations in Madagascar was studied and Bayesian phylogeographic modelling was applied to infer the origins of Madagascan CMG populations within the epidemiological context of related populations situated on mainland Africa and other south western Indian Ocean (SWIO) islands. Results The isolation and analysis of 279 DNA-A and 117 DNA-B sequences revealed the presence in Madagascar of four prevalent CMG species (South African cassava mosaic virus, SACMV; African cassava mosaic virus, ACMV; East African cassava mosaic Kenya virus, EACMKV; and East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus, EACMCV), and of numerous CMG recombinants that have, to date, only ever been detected on this island. SACMV and ACMV, the two most prevalent viruses, displayed low degrees of genetic diversity and have most likely been introduced to the island only once. By contrast, EACMV-like CMG populations (consisting of East African cassava mosaic virus, EAMCKV, EACMCV and complex recombinants of these) were more diverse, more spatially structured, and displayed evidence of at least three independent introductions from mainland Africa. Although there were no statistically supported virus movement events between Madagascar and the other SWIO islands, at least one mainland African ACMV variant likely originated in Madagascar. Conclusions Our study highlights both the complexity of CMD in Madagascar, and the distinct evolutionary and spatial dynamics of the different viral species that collectively are associated with this disease. Given that more distinct CMG species and recombinants have been found in Madagascar than any other similarly sized region of the world, the risks of recombinant CMG variants emerging on this island are likely to be higher than elsewhere. Evidence of an epidemiological link between Madagascan and mainland African CMGs suggests that the consequences of such emergence events could reach far beyond the shores of this island. DA - 2016 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town IS - 1 J1 - BMC Evolutionary Biology LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PY - 2016 SM - 1471-2148 T1 - Divergent evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of cassava mosaic geminiviruses in Madagascar TI - Divergent evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of cassava mosaic geminiviruses in Madagascar UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34255 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/34255
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationDe Bruyn A, Harimalala M, Zinga I, Mabvakure BM, Hoareau M, Ravigné V, et al. Divergent evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of cassava mosaic geminiviruses in Madagascar. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2016;16(1):174 - 177. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/34255.en_ZA
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisher.departmentInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciences
dc.sourceBMC Evolutionary Biology
dc.source.journalissue1
dc.source.journalvolume16
dc.source.pagination174 - 177
dc.source.urihttps://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-016-0749-2
dc.subject.otherBegomoviruses
dc.subject.otherCassava
dc.subject.otherEpidemiology
dc.subject.otherMadagascar
dc.subject.otherPhylogeography
dc.subject.otherRecombination
dc.subject.otherBayes Theorem
dc.subject.otherBegomovirus
dc.subject.otherBiological Evolution
dc.subject.otherDNA, Viral
dc.subject.otherGenetic Variation
dc.subject.otherMadagascar
dc.subject.otherManihot
dc.subject.otherPhylogeography
dc.subject.otherPlant Diseases
dc.subject.otherRecombination, Genetic
dc.subject.otherDNA, Viral
dc.titleDivergent evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of cassava mosaic geminiviruses in Madagascar
dc.typeJournal Article
uct.type.publicationResearch
uct.type.resourceJournal Article
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