Characterization of HIV-1 gag and nef in Cameroon: further evidence of extreme diversity at the origin of the HIV-1 group M epidemic

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dc.contributor.authorTongo, Marcelen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMartin, Darrenen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorZembe, Lyciasen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMpoudi-Ngole, Eitelen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorWilliamson, Carolynen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBurgers, Wendyen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2015-11-23T11:44:04Z
dc.date.available2015-11-23T11:44:04Z
dc.date.issued2013en_ZA
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND: Cameroon, in west central Africa, has an extraordinary degree of HIV diversity, presenting a major challenge for the development of an effective HIV vaccine. Given the continuing need to closely monitor the emergence of new HIV variants in the country, we analyzed HIV-1 genetic diversity in 59 plasma samples from HIV-infected Cameroonian blood donors. Full length HIV gag and nef sequences were generated and phylogenetic analyses were performed. FINDINGS: All gag and nef sequences clustered within HIV-1M. Circulating recombinant form CRF02_AG predominated, accounting for 50% of the studied infections, followed by clade G (11%), clade D and CRF37_cpx (4% each), and clades A, F, CRF01_AE and CRF36_cpx (2% each). In addition, 22% of the studied viruses apparently had nef and gag genes from viruses belonging to different clades, with the majority (8/10) having either a nef or gag gene derived from CRF02_AG. Interestingly, five gag sequences (10%) and three (5%) nef sequences were neither obviously recombinant nor easily classifiable into any of the known HIV-1M clades. CONCLUSION: This suggests the widespread existence of highly divergent HIV lineages in Cameroon. While the genetic complexity of the Cameroonian HIV-1 epidemic has potentially serious implications for the design of biomedical interventions, detailed analyses of divergent Cameroonian HIV-1M lineages could be crucial for dissecting the earliest evolutionary steps in the emergence of HIV-1M.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationTongo, M., Martin, D., Zembe, L., Mpoudi-Ngole, E., Williamson, C., & Burgers, W. (2013). Characterization of HIV-1 gag and nef in Cameroon: further evidence of extreme diversity at the origin of the HIV-1 group M epidemic. <i>Virology Journal</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15238en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationTongo, Marcel, Darren Martin, Lycias Zembe, Eitel Mpoudi-Ngole, Carolyn Williamson, and Wendy Burgers "Characterization of HIV-1 gag and nef in Cameroon: further evidence of extreme diversity at the origin of the HIV-1 group M epidemic." <i>Virology Journal</i> (2013) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15238en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationTongo, M., Martin, D. P., Zembe, L., Mpoudi-Ngole, E., Williamson, C., & Burgers, W. A. (2013). Characterization of HIV-1 gag and nef in Cameroon: further evidence of extreme diversity at the origin of the HIV-1 group M epidemic. Virol J, 10, 29.en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Tongo, Marcel AU - Martin, Darren AU - Zembe, Lycias AU - Mpoudi-Ngole, Eitel AU - Williamson, Carolyn AU - Burgers, Wendy AB - BACKGROUND: Cameroon, in west central Africa, has an extraordinary degree of HIV diversity, presenting a major challenge for the development of an effective HIV vaccine. Given the continuing need to closely monitor the emergence of new HIV variants in the country, we analyzed HIV-1 genetic diversity in 59 plasma samples from HIV-infected Cameroonian blood donors. Full length HIV gag and nef sequences were generated and phylogenetic analyses were performed. FINDINGS: All gag and nef sequences clustered within HIV-1M. Circulating recombinant form CRF02_AG predominated, accounting for 50% of the studied infections, followed by clade G (11%), clade D and CRF37_cpx (4% each), and clades A, F, CRF01_AE and CRF36_cpx (2% each). In addition, 22% of the studied viruses apparently had nef and gag genes from viruses belonging to different clades, with the majority (8/10) having either a nef or gag gene derived from CRF02_AG. Interestingly, five gag sequences (10%) and three (5%) nef sequences were neither obviously recombinant nor easily classifiable into any of the known HIV-1M clades. CONCLUSION: This suggests the widespread existence of highly divergent HIV lineages in Cameroon. While the genetic complexity of the Cameroonian HIV-1 epidemic has potentially serious implications for the design of biomedical interventions, detailed analyses of divergent Cameroonian HIV-1M lineages could be crucial for dissecting the earliest evolutionary steps in the emergence of HIV-1M. DA - 2013 DB - OpenUCT DO - 10.1186/1743-422X-10-29 DP - University of Cape Town J1 - Virology Journal LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2013 T1 - Characterization of HIV-1 gag and nef in Cameroon: further evidence of extreme diversity at the origin of the HIV-1 group M epidemic TI - Characterization of HIV-1 gag and nef in Cameroon: further evidence of extreme diversity at the origin of the HIV-1 group M epidemic UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15238 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/15238
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-10-29
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationTongo M, Martin D, Zembe L, Mpoudi-Ngole E, Williamson C, Burgers W. Characterization of HIV-1 gag and nef in Cameroon: further evidence of extreme diversity at the origin of the HIV-1 group M epidemic. Virology Journal. 2013; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15238.en_ZA
dc.language.isoengen_ZA
dc.publisherBioMed Central Ltden_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicineen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciencesen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.rightsThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licenseen_ZA
dc.rights.holder2013 Tongo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.en_ZA
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0en_ZA
dc.sourceVirology Journalen_ZA
dc.source.urihttp://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/en_ZA
dc.subject.otherHIV-1en_ZA
dc.subject.otherdiversityen_ZA
dc.subject.otherWest central Africaen_ZA
dc.subject.otherRDP3en_ZA
dc.subject.otherMaximum likelihooden_ZA
dc.subject.otherPHYMLen_ZA
dc.titleCharacterization of HIV-1 gag and nef in Cameroon: further evidence of extreme diversity at the origin of the HIV-1 group M epidemicen_ZA
dc.typeJournal Articleen_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceArticleen_ZA
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