The 8-year incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in five African-origin populations

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dc.contributor.advisorDugas, Lara
dc.contributor.authorConradie, Catharina Beatrix
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-30T14:25:04Z
dc.date.available2025-01-30T14:25:04Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.date.updated2025-01-30T10:55:30Z
dc.description.abstractObesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have become worldwide pandemics, particularly in low middle-income countries and among African-origin populations. The Modeling of Epidemiological Transition Study (METS, 2009) enrolled 2,506 African-origin participants, aged 25-45, from five countries and its ancillary study; METS-Microbiome, continued yearly research visits in 2,085 participants (2018-2019). The countries represent the full epidemiological transition spectrum, represented by the Human Development Index: Ghana (low), South Africa and Jamaica, (middle), Seychelles (high) and the United States (US) (very high). Research visits included anthropometrics, body composition measurements, social history, socio-demographics and health questionnaires, physical activity by accelerometer and clinical measurements. Overall, 732 participants had complete measurements from both METS (baseline) and METS-Microbiome (follow-up). At baseline, the US participants had the highest obesity prevalence (61.0%) and Ghanaians the lowest (11.5%). However, the obesity prevalence increased significantly, most notably among the Ghanaians (125%; p<0.001), and Seychellois (60.7%; p<0.01). Significant obesity predictors included being females, waist circumference and fat mass (p<0.001). The interaction term for follow-up length and site was significant with higher odds of obesity compared to baseline; Ghana (OR 6.62, 95%CI 1.56-28.35), Jamaica (OR 4.57, 95%CI 1.06-8.88) and Seychelles (OR 4.31, 95%CI 1.12-16.57). The US participants had the highest T2D prevalence (10,0%) and Jamaicans (0%) at baseline. However, the Seychellois experienced a 600% increase in T2D prevalence (p<0.01) accompanied by the highest T2D and obesity incidence rate. The interaction term for follow up length and site was similarly significant with higher odds of T2D at follow-up; Seychellois (OR 10.00, 95%CI 1.83-54.52) and US (OR 2.33, 95%CI 1.17-4.66). Age (p=0.002) and waist circumference (p=0.016) were significant T2D predictors. In conclusion, the study underscores significant increases in obesity and T2D rates, not only in high-income countries but also in rapid transitioning settings, highlighting concerns about healthcare resources readiness for the growing global burden of non-communicable diseases.
dc.identifier.apacitationConradie, C. B. (2024). <i>The 8-year incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in five African-origin populations</i>. (). ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Public Health and Family Medicine. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/40853en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationConradie, Catharina Beatrix. <i>"The 8-year incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in five African-origin populations."</i> ., ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, 2024. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/40853en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationConradie, C.B. 2024. The 8-year incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in five African-origin populations. . ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Public Health and Family Medicine. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/40853en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Thesis / Dissertation AU - Conradie, Catharina Beatrix AB - Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have become worldwide pandemics, particularly in low middle-income countries and among African-origin populations. The Modeling of Epidemiological Transition Study (METS, 2009) enrolled 2,506 African-origin participants, aged 25-45, from five countries and its ancillary study; METS-Microbiome, continued yearly research visits in 2,085 participants (2018-2019). The countries represent the full epidemiological transition spectrum, represented by the Human Development Index: Ghana (low), South Africa and Jamaica, (middle), Seychelles (high) and the United States (US) (very high). Research visits included anthropometrics, body composition measurements, social history, socio-demographics and health questionnaires, physical activity by accelerometer and clinical measurements. Overall, 732 participants had complete measurements from both METS (baseline) and METS-Microbiome (follow-up). At baseline, the US participants had the highest obesity prevalence (61.0%) and Ghanaians the lowest (11.5%). However, the obesity prevalence increased significantly, most notably among the Ghanaians (125%; p<0.001), and Seychellois (60.7%; p<0.01). Significant obesity predictors included being females, waist circumference and fat mass (p<0.001). The interaction term for follow-up length and site was significant with higher odds of obesity compared to baseline; Ghana (OR 6.62, 95%CI 1.56-28.35), Jamaica (OR 4.57, 95%CI 1.06-8.88) and Seychelles (OR 4.31, 95%CI 1.12-16.57). The US participants had the highest T2D prevalence (10,0%) and Jamaicans (0%) at baseline. However, the Seychellois experienced a 600% increase in T2D prevalence (p<0.01) accompanied by the highest T2D and obesity incidence rate. The interaction term for follow up length and site was similarly significant with higher odds of T2D at follow-up; Seychellois (OR 10.00, 95%CI 1.83-54.52) and US (OR 2.33, 95%CI 1.17-4.66). Age (p=0.002) and waist circumference (p=0.016) were significant T2D predictors. In conclusion, the study underscores significant increases in obesity and T2D rates, not only in high-income countries but also in rapid transitioning settings, highlighting concerns about healthcare resources readiness for the growing global burden of non-communicable diseases. DA - 2024 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town KW - Obesity KW - type 2 diabetes KW - prevalence KW - incidence KW - African-origin populations LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PY - 2024 T1 - The 8-year incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in five African-origin populations TI - The 8-year incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in five African-origin populations UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/40853 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/40853
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationConradie CB. The 8-year incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in five African-origin populations. []. ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, 2024 [cited yyyy month dd]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/40853en_ZA
dc.language.rfc3066eng
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Public Health and Family Medicine
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciences
dc.subjectObesity
dc.subjecttype 2 diabetes
dc.subjectprevalence
dc.subjectincidence
dc.subjectAfrican-origin populations
dc.titleThe 8-year incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in five African-origin populations
dc.typeThesis / Dissertation
dc.type.qualificationlevelMasters
dc.type.qualificationlevelMPH
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