Detectable HIV-1 in semen in individuals with very low blood viral loads

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dc.contributor.authorKariuki, Samuel M
dc.contributor.authorSelhorst, Philippe
dc.contributor.authorNorman, Jennifer
dc.contributor.authorCohen, Karen
dc.contributor.authorRebe, Kevin
dc.contributor.authorWilliamson, Carolyn
dc.contributor.authorDorfman, Jeffrey R
dc.date.accessioned2020-03-11T14:37:41Z
dc.date.available2020-03-11T14:37:41Z
dc.date.issued2020-03-05
dc.date.updated2020-03-08T04:18:54Z
dc.description.abstractAbstract Background Several reports indicate that a portion (5–10%) of men living with HIV-1 intermittently shed HIV-1 RNA into seminal plasma while on long term effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). This is highly suggestive of an HIV-1 reservoir in the male genital tract. However, the status of this reservoir in men living with HIV-1 who are not under treatment is underexplored and has implications for understanding the origins and evolution of the reservoir. Finding Forty-three HIV-1 positive, antiretroviral therapy naïve study participants attending a men’s health clinic were studied. Semen viral loads and blood viral loads were generally correlated, with semen viral loads generally detected in individuals with blood viral loads > 10,000 cp/ml. However, we found 1 individual with undetectable viral loads (<20cp/ml) and 2 individuals with very low blood viral load (97 and 333cp/ml), but with detectable HIV-1 in semen (485–1157 copies/semen sample). Blood viral loads in the first individual were undetectable when tested three times over the prior 5 years. Conclusions Semen HIV-1 viral loads are usually related to blood viral loads, as we confirm. Nonetheless, this was not true in a substantial minority of individuals suggesting unexpectedly high levels of replication in the male genital tract in a few individuals, despite otherwise effective immune control. This may reflect establishment of a local reservoir of HIV-1 populations.
dc.identifier.apacitationKariuki, S. M., Selhorst, P., Norman, J., Cohen, K., Rebe, K., Williamson, C., & Dorfman, J. R. (2020). Detectable HIV-1 in semen in individuals with very low blood viral loads. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31563en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationKariuki, Samuel M, Philippe Selhorst, Jennifer Norman, Karen Cohen, Kevin Rebe, Carolyn Williamson, and Jeffrey R Dorfman "Detectable HIV-1 in semen in individuals with very low blood viral loads." (2020) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31563en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationKariuki, S. M., Selhorst, P., Norman, J., Cohen, K., Rebe, K., Williamson, C., & Dorfman, J. R. (2020). Detectable HIV-1 in semen in individuals with very low blood viral loads. Virology Journal, 17(1), 1-5.
dc.identifier.ris TY - AU - Kariuki, Samuel M AU - Selhorst, Philippe AU - Norman, Jennifer AU - Cohen, Karen AU - Rebe, Kevin AU - Williamson, Carolyn AU - Dorfman, Jeffrey R AB - Abstract Background Several reports indicate that a portion (5–10%) of men living with HIV-1 intermittently shed HIV-1 RNA into seminal plasma while on long term effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). This is highly suggestive of an HIV-1 reservoir in the male genital tract. However, the status of this reservoir in men living with HIV-1 who are not under treatment is underexplored and has implications for understanding the origins and evolution of the reservoir. Finding Forty-three HIV-1 positive, antiretroviral therapy naïve study participants attending a men’s health clinic were studied. Semen viral loads and blood viral loads were generally correlated, with semen viral loads generally detected in individuals with blood viral loads > 10,000 cp/ml. However, we found 1 individual with undetectable viral loads (<20cp/ml) and 2 individuals with very low blood viral load (97 and 333cp/ml), but with detectable HIV-1 in semen (485–1157 copies/semen sample). Blood viral loads in the first individual were undetectable when tested three times over the prior 5 years. Conclusions Semen HIV-1 viral loads are usually related to blood viral loads, as we confirm. Nonetheless, this was not true in a substantial minority of individuals suggesting unexpectedly high levels of replication in the male genital tract in a few individuals, despite otherwise effective immune control. This may reflect establishment of a local reservoir of HIV-1 populations. DA - 2020-03-05 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town KW - HIV-1 KW - Semen KW - Blood KW - Viral load LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PY - 2020 T1 - Detectable HIV-1 in semen in individuals with very low blood viral loads TI - Detectable HIV-1 in semen in individuals with very low blood viral loads UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31563 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-020-01300-6
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/31563
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationKariuki SM, Selhorst P, Norman J, Cohen K, Rebe K, Williamson C, et al. Detectable HIV-1 in semen in individuals with very low blood viral loads. 2020; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31563.en_ZA
dc.language.rfc3066en
dc.rights.holderThe Author(s)
dc.subjectHIV-1
dc.subjectSemen
dc.subjectBlood
dc.subjectViral load
dc.titleDetectable HIV-1 in semen in individuals with very low blood viral loads
dc.typeJournal Article
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