Analysis of carbonaceous solid deposits from thermal stressing of FAMEs and FAME/diesel blends at different temperatures in a continuous flow reactor

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dc.contributor.advisorWoolard, Chrisen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMandavha, Uyuenendiwannyien_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2016-06-22T08:58:24Z
dc.date.available2016-06-22T08:58:24Z
dc.date.issued2015en_ZA
dc.description.abstractFuel deposits are carbon-rich high molecular weight species that are formed from the degradation of fuel. Diesel deposits may form on vital parts of a vehicle's engine or fuel system such as the fuel injectors. Once these deposits have formed, they can block the spray holes of the injector and may also cause moving parts within the injector to stick. Diesel deposits can cause engine failure, engine malfunction and affect engine performance. This study aims to investigate early stage deposits, formed in laboratory reactors, in particular a flow reactor. This was performed in order to gain insight into the processes by which these deposits form and what factors influence their formation. A flow reactor and closed sand bath reactor were employed to produce carbonaceous deposits, with the aim being that these might be similar to those formed in diesel injectors. The solid deposits were analysed using a Temperature Programmed Oxidation (TPO), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Soluble deposit precursors from the stressed fuels were assessed using ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and electrospray ionisation-mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) in order to provide further insight into the chemical processes preceding deposit formation. The test fuels stressed in this study were an EN 590 reference diesel and two fatty acid methyl esters (FAMES), viz. rapeseed methyl ester (RME100) and soya methyl ester (SME100). Binary blends of 80 % EN 590 diesel and 20 %RME (RME20), 80 % EN 590 diesel and 20 % SME(SME20), 50 % EN 590 diesel and 50 % SME (SME50) and 93 % EN 590 diesel and 7 % SME (SME7) (v/v) were also investigated. Aerated fuels were thermally stressed at 300°C and 400°C for 5h in the presence of oxygen in a continuous flow reactor. This study represents the first application of the flow reactor methodology to systems that contain fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs).en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationMandavha, U. (2015). <i>Analysis of carbonaceous solid deposits from thermal stressing of FAMEs and FAME/diesel blends at different temperatures in a continuous flow reactor</i>. (Thesis). University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Engineering & the Built Environment ,Department of Mechanical Engineering. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20091en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationMandavha, Uyuenendiwannyi. <i>"Analysis of carbonaceous solid deposits from thermal stressing of FAMEs and FAME/diesel blends at different temperatures in a continuous flow reactor."</i> Thesis., University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Engineering & the Built Environment ,Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20091en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationMandavha, U. 2015. Analysis of carbonaceous solid deposits from thermal stressing of FAMEs and FAME/diesel blends at different temperatures in a continuous flow reactor. University of Cape Town.en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Thesis / Dissertation AU - Mandavha, Uyuenendiwannyi AB - Fuel deposits are carbon-rich high molecular weight species that are formed from the degradation of fuel. Diesel deposits may form on vital parts of a vehicle's engine or fuel system such as the fuel injectors. Once these deposits have formed, they can block the spray holes of the injector and may also cause moving parts within the injector to stick. Diesel deposits can cause engine failure, engine malfunction and affect engine performance. This study aims to investigate early stage deposits, formed in laboratory reactors, in particular a flow reactor. This was performed in order to gain insight into the processes by which these deposits form and what factors influence their formation. A flow reactor and closed sand bath reactor were employed to produce carbonaceous deposits, with the aim being that these might be similar to those formed in diesel injectors. The solid deposits were analysed using a Temperature Programmed Oxidation (TPO), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Soluble deposit precursors from the stressed fuels were assessed using ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and electrospray ionisation-mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) in order to provide further insight into the chemical processes preceding deposit formation. The test fuels stressed in this study were an EN 590 reference diesel and two fatty acid methyl esters (FAMES), viz. rapeseed methyl ester (RME100) and soya methyl ester (SME100). Binary blends of 80 % EN 590 diesel and 20 %RME (RME20), 80 % EN 590 diesel and 20 % SME(SME20), 50 % EN 590 diesel and 50 % SME (SME50) and 93 % EN 590 diesel and 7 % SME (SME7) (v/v) were also investigated. Aerated fuels were thermally stressed at 300°C and 400°C for 5h in the presence of oxygen in a continuous flow reactor. This study represents the first application of the flow reactor methodology to systems that contain fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs). DA - 2015 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2015 T1 - Analysis of carbonaceous solid deposits from thermal stressing of FAMEs and FAME/diesel blends at different temperatures in a continuous flow reactor TI - Analysis of carbonaceous solid deposits from thermal stressing of FAMEs and FAME/diesel blends at different temperatures in a continuous flow reactor UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20091 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/20091
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationMandavha U. Analysis of carbonaceous solid deposits from thermal stressing of FAMEs and FAME/diesel blends at different temperatures in a continuous flow reactor. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Engineering & the Built Environment ,Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015 [cited yyyy month dd]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20091en_ZA
dc.language.isoengen_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Mechanical Engineeringen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Engineering and the Built Environment
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.subject.otherMechanical Engineeringen_ZA
dc.titleAnalysis of carbonaceous solid deposits from thermal stressing of FAMEs and FAME/diesel blends at different temperatures in a continuous flow reactoren_ZA
dc.typeMaster Thesis
dc.type.qualificationlevelMasters
dc.type.qualificationnameMSc (Eng)en_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceThesisen_ZA
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