Investigating avian influenza infection hotspots in old-world shorebirds

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dc.contributor.authorGaidet, Nicolasen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMamy, Ahmed B Ould Elen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorCappelle, Julienen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorCaron, Alexandreen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorCumming, Graeme Sen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorGrosbois, Vladimiren_ZA
dc.contributor.authorGil, Patriciaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHammoumi, Salihaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorde Almeida, Renata Servanen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorFereidouni, Sasan Ren_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2015-11-11T14:28:52Z
dc.date.available2015-11-11T14:28:52Z
dc.date.issued2012en_ZA
dc.description.abstractHeterogeneity in the transmission rates of pathogens across hosts or environments may produce disease hotspots, which are defined as specific sites, times or species associations in which the infection rate is consistently elevated. Hotspots for avian influenza virus (AIV) in wild birds are largely unstudied and poorly understood. A striking feature is the existence of a unique but consistent AIV hotspot in shorebirds (Charadriiformes) associated with a single species at a specific location and time (ruddy turnstone Arenaria interpres at Delaware Bay, USA, in May). This unique case, though a valuable reference, limits our capacity to explore and understand the general properties of AIV hotspots in shorebirds. Unfortunately, relatively few shorebirds have been sampled outside Delaware Bay and they belong to only a few shorebird families; there also has been a lack of consistent oropharyngeal sampling as a complement to cloacal sampling. In this study we looked for AIV hotspots associated with other shorebird species and/or with some of the larger congregation sites of shorebirds in the old world. We assembled and analysed a regionally extensive dataset of AIV prevalence from 69 shorebird species sampled in 25 countries across Africa and Western Eurasia. Despite this diverse and extensive coverage we did not detect any new shorebird AIV hotspots. Neither large shorebird congregation sites nor the ruddy turnstone were consistently associated with AIV hotspots. We did, however, find a low but widespread circulation of AIV in shorebirds that contrast with the absence of AIV previously reported in shorebirds in Europe. A very high AIV antibody prevalence coupled to a low infection rate was found in both first-year and adult birds of two migratory sandpiper species, suggesting the potential existence of an AIV hotspot along their migratory flyway that is yet to be discovered.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationGaidet, N., Mamy, A. B. O. E., Cappelle, J., Caron, A., Cumming, G. S., Grosbois, V., ... Fereidouni, S. R. (2012). Investigating avian influenza infection hotspots in old-world shorebirds. <i>PLoS One</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14932en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationGaidet, Nicolas, Ahmed B Ould El Mamy, Julien Cappelle, Alexandre Caron, Graeme S Cumming, Vladimir Grosbois, Patricia Gil, Saliha Hammoumi, Renata Servan de Almeida, and Sasan R Fereidouni "Investigating avian influenza infection hotspots in old-world shorebirds." <i>PLoS One</i> (2012) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14932en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationGaidet, N., Ould, E. M. A., Cappelle, J., Caron, A., Cumming, G. S., Grosbois, V., ... & Balança, G. (2011). Investigating avian influenza infection hotspots in old-world shorebirds. PloS one, 7(9), e46049. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046049en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Gaidet, Nicolas AU - Mamy, Ahmed B Ould El AU - Cappelle, Julien AU - Caron, Alexandre AU - Cumming, Graeme S AU - Grosbois, Vladimir AU - Gil, Patricia AU - Hammoumi, Saliha AU - de Almeida, Renata Servan AU - Fereidouni, Sasan R AB - Heterogeneity in the transmission rates of pathogens across hosts or environments may produce disease hotspots, which are defined as specific sites, times or species associations in which the infection rate is consistently elevated. Hotspots for avian influenza virus (AIV) in wild birds are largely unstudied and poorly understood. A striking feature is the existence of a unique but consistent AIV hotspot in shorebirds (Charadriiformes) associated with a single species at a specific location and time (ruddy turnstone Arenaria interpres at Delaware Bay, USA, in May). This unique case, though a valuable reference, limits our capacity to explore and understand the general properties of AIV hotspots in shorebirds. Unfortunately, relatively few shorebirds have been sampled outside Delaware Bay and they belong to only a few shorebird families; there also has been a lack of consistent oropharyngeal sampling as a complement to cloacal sampling. In this study we looked for AIV hotspots associated with other shorebird species and/or with some of the larger congregation sites of shorebirds in the old world. We assembled and analysed a regionally extensive dataset of AIV prevalence from 69 shorebird species sampled in 25 countries across Africa and Western Eurasia. Despite this diverse and extensive coverage we did not detect any new shorebird AIV hotspots. Neither large shorebird congregation sites nor the ruddy turnstone were consistently associated with AIV hotspots. We did, however, find a low but widespread circulation of AIV in shorebirds that contrast with the absence of AIV previously reported in shorebirds in Europe. A very high AIV antibody prevalence coupled to a low infection rate was found in both first-year and adult birds of two migratory sandpiper species, suggesting the potential existence of an AIV hotspot along their migratory flyway that is yet to be discovered. DA - 2012 DB - OpenUCT DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0046049 DP - University of Cape Town J1 - PLoS One LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2012 T1 - Investigating avian influenza infection hotspots in old-world shorebirds TI - Investigating avian influenza infection hotspots in old-world shorebirds UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14932 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/14932
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046049
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationGaidet N, Mamy ABOE, Cappelle J, Caron A, Cumming GS, Grosbois V, et al. Investigating avian influenza infection hotspots in old-world shorebirds. PLoS One. 2012; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14932.en_ZA
dc.language.isoengen_ZA
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentPercy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithologyen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Scienceen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.rightsThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.en_ZA
dc.rights.holder© Gaidet et alen_ZA
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0en_ZA
dc.sourcePLoS Oneen_ZA
dc.source.urihttp://journals.plos.org/plosoneen_ZA
dc.subject.otherBirdsen_ZA
dc.subject.otherAnimal migrationen_ZA
dc.subject.otherDelta ecosystemsen_ZA
dc.subject.otherForagingen_ZA
dc.subject.otherAnimal sexual behavioren_ZA
dc.subject.otherEnzyme-linked immunoassaysen_ZA
dc.subject.otherAntibodiesen_ZA
dc.subject.otherDucksen_ZA
dc.titleInvestigating avian influenza infection hotspots in old-world shorebirdsen_ZA
dc.typeJournal Articleen_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceArticleen_ZA
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