Effects of bipolar disorder on intrinsic brain networks

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dc.contributor.advisorHorn, Neilen_ZA
dc.contributor.advisorBeckmann, Christianen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorStarke, Jonathan Alanen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2017-01-18T13:10:21Z
dc.date.available2017-01-18T13:10:21Z
dc.date.issued2016en_ZA
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a brain network disorder that affects cognitive and emotional functioning, and is associated with prefrontal and/or limbic dysfunction. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) allows identification of intrinsic brain networks (IBN), like the default mode network (DMN) and executive control network (ECN), which are consistent with previously established functional and anatomical relationships within the brain. Analysing the functional connectivity (integrity, extent and inter-relationships) of these networks, allows a deeper understanding of brain function in health and disease. In BD, there are functional connectivity changes in the DMN, ECN and cerebellar network (CERN). We evaluate IBN in BD, to explore changes in the functional connectivity between the cerebellum, fronto-cortical and paralimbic regions. Methods: Data from 14 BD subjects and 10 control subjects was analysed after fMRI. Changes were evaluated in 3 IBN (DMN, ECN and CERN) using an FMRIB Software Library (FSL) pipeline: MELODIC/ICA-AROMA, dual-regression, randomise and Local False Discovery Rate (FDR) to identify changes in functional connectivity bipolar subjects compared to controls. Results: Subjects with BD showed decreased connectivity between the CERN and a cluster in the right precuneus; and between the ECN and a cluster in the left OFC. There was also increased connectivity between the ECN and a cluster in the left temporal pole. No connectivity changes involving the DMN were identified. Voxels within the clusters were significant at p < 0.05 with local FDR. Peaks within the clusters remained significant after further Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (p < 0.017). Conclusion: The finding of altered functional connectivity in BD, in networks and regions involved in cognitive/emotional processes, highlights its complex neurobiology, and suggests that abnormal connectivity may help to explain the clinical picture. These findings should be replicated with larger samples, but may represent a further advance in understanding the role of functional connectivity in the pathology of BD, and contribute to laying the foundation for functional neuroimaging as a diagnostic tool in psychiatry.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationStarke, J. A. (2016). <i>Effects of bipolar disorder on intrinsic brain networks</i>. (Thesis). University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22794en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationStarke, Jonathan Alan. <i>"Effects of bipolar disorder on intrinsic brain networks."</i> Thesis., University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22794en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationStarke, J. 2016. Effects of bipolar disorder on intrinsic brain networks. University of Cape Town.en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Thesis / Dissertation AU - Starke, Jonathan Alan AB - Introduction: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a brain network disorder that affects cognitive and emotional functioning, and is associated with prefrontal and/or limbic dysfunction. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) allows identification of intrinsic brain networks (IBN), like the default mode network (DMN) and executive control network (ECN), which are consistent with previously established functional and anatomical relationships within the brain. Analysing the functional connectivity (integrity, extent and inter-relationships) of these networks, allows a deeper understanding of brain function in health and disease. In BD, there are functional connectivity changes in the DMN, ECN and cerebellar network (CERN). We evaluate IBN in BD, to explore changes in the functional connectivity between the cerebellum, fronto-cortical and paralimbic regions. Methods: Data from 14 BD subjects and 10 control subjects was analysed after fMRI. Changes were evaluated in 3 IBN (DMN, ECN and CERN) using an FMRIB Software Library (FSL) pipeline: MELODIC/ICA-AROMA, dual-regression, randomise and Local False Discovery Rate (FDR) to identify changes in functional connectivity bipolar subjects compared to controls. Results: Subjects with BD showed decreased connectivity between the CERN and a cluster in the right precuneus; and between the ECN and a cluster in the left OFC. There was also increased connectivity between the ECN and a cluster in the left temporal pole. No connectivity changes involving the DMN were identified. Voxels within the clusters were significant at p < 0.05 with local FDR. Peaks within the clusters remained significant after further Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (p < 0.017). Conclusion: The finding of altered functional connectivity in BD, in networks and regions involved in cognitive/emotional processes, highlights its complex neurobiology, and suggests that abnormal connectivity may help to explain the clinical picture. These findings should be replicated with larger samples, but may represent a further advance in understanding the role of functional connectivity in the pathology of BD, and contribute to laying the foundation for functional neuroimaging as a diagnostic tool in psychiatry. DA - 2016 DB - OpenUCT DP - University of Cape Town LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2016 T1 - Effects of bipolar disorder on intrinsic brain networks TI - Effects of bipolar disorder on intrinsic brain networks UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22794 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/22794
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationStarke JA. Effects of bipolar disorder on intrinsic brain networks. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Health Sciences ,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2016 [cited yyyy month dd]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22794en_ZA
dc.language.isoengen_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Healthen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciencesen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.subject.otherPsychiatryen_ZA
dc.titleEffects of bipolar disorder on intrinsic brain networksen_ZA
dc.typeMaster Thesis
dc.type.qualificationlevelMasters
dc.type.qualificationnameMMeden_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceThesisen_ZA
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