Earliest stone-tipped projectiles from the Ethiopian Rift date to> 279,000 years ago

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dc.contributor.authorSahle, Yonatanen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorHutchings, W Karlen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorBraun, David Ren_ZA
dc.contributor.authorSealy, Judith Cen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMorgan, Leah Een_ZA
dc.contributor.authorNegash, Agazien_ZA
dc.contributor.authorAtnafu, Balemwalen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2015-11-10T14:48:14Z
dc.date.available2015-11-10T14:48:14Z
dc.date.issued2013en_ZA
dc.description.abstractProjectile weapons (i.e. those delivered from a distance) enhanced prehistoric hunting efficiency by enabling higher impact delivery and hunting of a broader range of animals while reducing confrontations with dangerous prey species. Projectiles therefore provided a significant advantage over thrusting spears. Composite projectile technologies are considered indicative of complex behavior and pivotal to the successful spread of Homo sapiens . Direct evidence for such projectiles is thus far unknown from >80,000 years ago. Data from velocity-dependent microfracture features, diagnostic damage patterns, and artifact shape reported here indicate that pointed stone artifacts from Ethiopia were used as projectile weapons (in the form of hafted javelin tips) as early as >279,000 years ago. In combination with the existing archaeological, fossil and genetic evidence, these data isolate eastern Africa as a source of modern cultures and biology.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationSahle, Y., Hutchings, W. K., Braun, D. R., Sealy, J. C., Morgan, L. E., Negash, A., & Atnafu, B. (2013). Earliest stone-tipped projectiles from the Ethiopian Rift date to> 279,000 years ago. <i>PLoS One</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14833en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationSahle, Yonatan, W Karl Hutchings, David R Braun, Judith C Sealy, Leah E Morgan, Agazi Negash, and Balemwal Atnafu "Earliest stone-tipped projectiles from the Ethiopian Rift date to> 279,000 years ago." <i>PLoS One</i> (2013) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14833en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationSahle, Y., Hutchings, W. K., Braun, D. R., Sealy, J. C., Morgan, L. E., Negash, A., & Atnafu, B. (2013). Earliest stone-tipped projectiles from the Ethiopian Rift date to> 279,000 years ago. PLoS ONE, 8(11). e78092. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078092en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Sahle, Yonatan AU - Hutchings, W Karl AU - Braun, David R AU - Sealy, Judith C AU - Morgan, Leah E AU - Negash, Agazi AU - Atnafu, Balemwal AB - Projectile weapons (i.e. those delivered from a distance) enhanced prehistoric hunting efficiency by enabling higher impact delivery and hunting of a broader range of animals while reducing confrontations with dangerous prey species. Projectiles therefore provided a significant advantage over thrusting spears. Composite projectile technologies are considered indicative of complex behavior and pivotal to the successful spread of Homo sapiens . Direct evidence for such projectiles is thus far unknown from >80,000 years ago. Data from velocity-dependent microfracture features, diagnostic damage patterns, and artifact shape reported here indicate that pointed stone artifacts from Ethiopia were used as projectile weapons (in the form of hafted javelin tips) as early as >279,000 years ago. In combination with the existing archaeological, fossil and genetic evidence, these data isolate eastern Africa as a source of modern cultures and biology. DA - 2013 DB - OpenUCT DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0078092 DP - University of Cape Town J1 - PLoS One LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2013 T1 - Earliest stone-tipped projectiles from the Ethiopian Rift date to> 279,000 years ago TI - Earliest stone-tipped projectiles from the Ethiopian Rift date to> 279,000 years ago UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14833 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/14833
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078092
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationSahle Y, Hutchings WK, Braun DR, Sealy JC, Morgan LE, Negash A, et al. Earliest stone-tipped projectiles from the Ethiopian Rift date to> 279,000 years ago. PLoS One. 2013; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14833.en_ZA
dc.language.isoengen_ZA
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Archaeologyen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Scienceen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.rightsThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.en_ZA
dc.rights.holder© 2013 Sahle et alen_ZA
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0en_ZA
dc.sourcePLoS Oneen_ZA
dc.source.urihttp://journals.plos.org/plosoneen_ZA
dc.subject.otherPaleoanthropologyen_ZA
dc.subject.otherArchaeologyen_ZA
dc.subject.otherHuman evolutionen_ZA
dc.subject.otherPleistocene epochen_ZA
dc.subject.otherBehavioren_ZA
dc.subject.otherAfricaen_ZA
dc.subject.otherArchaeological datingen_ZA
dc.subject.otherMorphometryen_ZA
dc.titleEarliest stone-tipped projectiles from the Ethiopian Rift date to> 279,000 years agoen_ZA
dc.typeJournal Articleen_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceArticleen_ZA
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