Genetic variation and recombination of RdRp and HSP 70h genes of Citrus tristeza virus isolates from orange trees showing symptoms of citrus sudden death disease

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dc.contributor.authorGomes, Clarissaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorNagata, Tatsuyaen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorde Jesus, Waldiren_ZA
dc.contributor.authorNeto, Carlosen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorPappas, Georgiosen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorMartin, Darrenen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2015-10-28T07:01:17Z
dc.date.available2015-10-28T07:01:17Z
dc.date.issued2008en_ZA
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND: Citrus sudden death (CSD), a disease that rapidly kills orange trees, is an emerging threat to the Brazilian citrus industry. Although the causal agent of CSD has not been definitively determined, based on the disease's distribution and symptomatology it is suspected that the agent may be a new strain of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV). CTV genetic variation was therefore assessed in two Brazilian orange trees displaying CSD symptoms and a third with more conventional CTV symptoms. RESULTS: A total of 286 RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase (RdRp) and 284 heat shock protein 70 homolog (HSP70h) gene fragments were determined for CTV variants infecting the three trees. It was discovered that, despite differences in symptomatology, the trees were all apparently coinfected with similar populations of divergent CTV variants. While mixed CTV infections are common, the genetic distance between the most divergent population members observed (24.1% for RdRp and 11.0% for HSP70h) was far greater than that in previously described mixed infections. Recombinants of five distinct RdRp lineages and three distinct HSP70h lineages were easily detectable but respectively accounted for only 5.9 and 11.9% of the RdRp and HSP70h gene fragments analysed and there was no evidence of an association between particular recombinant mosaics and CSD. Also, comparisons of CTV population structures indicated that the two most similar CTV populations were those of one of the trees with CSD and the tree without CSD. CONCLUSION: We suggest that if CTV is the causal agent of CSD, it is most likely a subtle feature of population structures within mixed infections and not merely the presence (or absence) of a single CTV variant within these populations that triggers the disease.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationGomes, C., Nagata, T., de Jesus, W., Neto, C., Pappas, G., & Martin, D. (2008). Genetic variation and recombination of RdRp and HSP 70h genes of Citrus tristeza virus isolates from orange trees showing symptoms of citrus sudden death disease. <i>Virology Journal</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14456en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationGomes, Clarissa, Tatsuya Nagata, Waldir de Jesus, Carlos Neto, Georgios Pappas, and Darren Martin "Genetic variation and recombination of RdRp and HSP 70h genes of Citrus tristeza virus isolates from orange trees showing symptoms of citrus sudden death disease." <i>Virology Journal</i> (2008) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14456en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationGomes, C. P., Nagata, T., de Jesus Jr, W. C., Neto, C. R. B., Pappas Jr, G. J., & Martin, D. P. (2008). Genetic variation and recombination of RdRp and HSP 70h genes of Citrus tristeza virus isolates from orange trees showing symptoms of citrus sudden death disease. Virol. J, 5(9).en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Gomes, Clarissa AU - Nagata, Tatsuya AU - de Jesus, Waldir AU - Neto, Carlos AU - Pappas, Georgios AU - Martin, Darren AB - BACKGROUND: Citrus sudden death (CSD), a disease that rapidly kills orange trees, is an emerging threat to the Brazilian citrus industry. Although the causal agent of CSD has not been definitively determined, based on the disease's distribution and symptomatology it is suspected that the agent may be a new strain of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV). CTV genetic variation was therefore assessed in two Brazilian orange trees displaying CSD symptoms and a third with more conventional CTV symptoms. RESULTS: A total of 286 RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase (RdRp) and 284 heat shock protein 70 homolog (HSP70h) gene fragments were determined for CTV variants infecting the three trees. It was discovered that, despite differences in symptomatology, the trees were all apparently coinfected with similar populations of divergent CTV variants. While mixed CTV infections are common, the genetic distance between the most divergent population members observed (24.1% for RdRp and 11.0% for HSP70h) was far greater than that in previously described mixed infections. Recombinants of five distinct RdRp lineages and three distinct HSP70h lineages were easily detectable but respectively accounted for only 5.9 and 11.9% of the RdRp and HSP70h gene fragments analysed and there was no evidence of an association between particular recombinant mosaics and CSD. Also, comparisons of CTV population structures indicated that the two most similar CTV populations were those of one of the trees with CSD and the tree without CSD. CONCLUSION: We suggest that if CTV is the causal agent of CSD, it is most likely a subtle feature of population structures within mixed infections and not merely the presence (or absence) of a single CTV variant within these populations that triggers the disease. DA - 2008 DB - OpenUCT DO - 10.1186/1743-422X-5-9 DP - University of Cape Town J1 - Virology Journal LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2008 T1 - Genetic variation and recombination of RdRp and HSP 70h genes of Citrus tristeza virus isolates from orange trees showing symptoms of citrus sudden death disease TI - Genetic variation and recombination of RdRp and HSP 70h genes of Citrus tristeza virus isolates from orange trees showing symptoms of citrus sudden death disease UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14456 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/14456
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-5-9
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationGomes C, Nagata T, de Jesus W, Neto C, Pappas G, Martin D. Genetic variation and recombination of RdRp and HSP 70h genes of Citrus tristeza virus isolates from orange trees showing symptoms of citrus sudden death disease. Virology Journal. 2008; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14456.en_ZA
dc.language.isoengen_ZA
dc.publisherBioMed Central Ltden_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicineen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Health Sciencesen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.rightsThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licenseen_ZA
dc.rights.holder2008 Gomes et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.en_ZA
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0en_ZA
dc.sourceVirology Journalen_ZA
dc.source.urihttp://www.virologyj.com/en_ZA
dc.subject.otherCitrus tristreza virusen_ZA
dc.subject.otherGenetic variationen_ZA
dc.subject.otherSequence alignmenten_ZA
dc.titleGenetic variation and recombination of RdRp and HSP 70h genes of Citrus tristeza virus isolates from orange trees showing symptoms of citrus sudden death diseaseen_ZA
dc.typeJournal Articleen_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceArticleen_ZA
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