Phylogenetic Evidence That Two Distinct Trichuris Genotypes Infect both Humans and Non-Human Primates

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dc.contributor.authorRavasi, Damiana F.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorO’Riain, Mannus J.en_ZA
dc.contributor.authorDavids, Faezahen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorIlling, Nicolaen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2015-11-09T13:23:32Z
dc.date.available2015-11-09T13:23:32Z
dc.date.issued2012en_ZA
dc.description.abstractAlthough there has been extensive debate about whether Trichuris suis and Trichuris trichiura are separate species, only one species of the whipworm T. trichiura has been considered to infect humans and non-human primates. In order to investigate potential cross infection of Trichuris sp. between baboons and humans in the Cape Peninsula, South Africa, we sequenced the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of adult Trichuris sp. worms isolated from five baboons from three different troops, namely the Cape Peninsula troop, Groot Olifantsbos troop and Da Gama Park troop. This region was also sequenced from T. trichiura isolated from a human patient from central Africa (Cameroon) for comparison. By combining this dataset with Genbank records for Trichuris isolated from other humans, non-human primates and pigs from several different countries in Europe, Asia, and Africa, we confirmed the identification of two distinct Trichuris genotypes that infect primates. Trichuris sp. isolated from the Peninsula baboons fell into two distinct clades that were found to also infect human patients from Cameroon, Uganda and Jamaica (named the CP-GOB clade) and China, Thailand, the Czech Republic, and Uganda (named the DG clade), respectively. The divergence of these Trichuris clades is ancient and precedes the diversification of T. suis which clustered closely to the CP-GOB clade. The identification of two distinct Trichuris genotypes infecting both humans and non-human primates is important for the ongoing treatment of Trichuris which is estimated to infect 600 million people worldwide. Currently baboons in the Cape Peninsula, which visit urban areas, provide a constant risk of infection to local communities. A reduction in spatial overlap between humans and baboons is thus an important measure to reduce both cross-transmission and zoonoses of helminthes in Southern Africa.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationRavasi, Damiana F., , Davids, F., & Illing, N. (2012). Phylogenetic Evidence That Two Distinct Trichuris Genotypes Infect both Humans and Non-Human Primates. <i>PLoS One</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14794en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationRavasi, Damiana F., , Faezah Davids, and Nicola Illing "Phylogenetic Evidence That Two Distinct Trichuris Genotypes Infect both Humans and Non-Human Primates." <i>PLoS One</i> (2012) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14794en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationRavasi, D. F., O’Riain, M. J., Davids, F., & Illing, N. (2012). Phylogenetic evidence that two distinct Trichuris genotypes infect both humans and non-human primates. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044187en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Ravasi, Damiana F. AU - O’Riain, Mannus J. AU - Davids, Faezah AU - Illing, Nicola AB - Although there has been extensive debate about whether Trichuris suis and Trichuris trichiura are separate species, only one species of the whipworm T. trichiura has been considered to infect humans and non-human primates. In order to investigate potential cross infection of Trichuris sp. between baboons and humans in the Cape Peninsula, South Africa, we sequenced the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of adult Trichuris sp. worms isolated from five baboons from three different troops, namely the Cape Peninsula troop, Groot Olifantsbos troop and Da Gama Park troop. This region was also sequenced from T. trichiura isolated from a human patient from central Africa (Cameroon) for comparison. By combining this dataset with Genbank records for Trichuris isolated from other humans, non-human primates and pigs from several different countries in Europe, Asia, and Africa, we confirmed the identification of two distinct Trichuris genotypes that infect primates. Trichuris sp. isolated from the Peninsula baboons fell into two distinct clades that were found to also infect human patients from Cameroon, Uganda and Jamaica (named the CP-GOB clade) and China, Thailand, the Czech Republic, and Uganda (named the DG clade), respectively. The divergence of these Trichuris clades is ancient and precedes the diversification of T. suis which clustered closely to the CP-GOB clade. The identification of two distinct Trichuris genotypes infecting both humans and non-human primates is important for the ongoing treatment of Trichuris which is estimated to infect 600 million people worldwide. Currently baboons in the Cape Peninsula, which visit urban areas, provide a constant risk of infection to local communities. A reduction in spatial overlap between humans and baboons is thus an important measure to reduce both cross-transmission and zoonoses of helminthes in Southern Africa. DA - 2012 DB - OpenUCT DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0044187 DP - University of Cape Town J1 - PLoS One LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2012 T1 - Phylogenetic Evidence That Two Distinct Trichuris Genotypes Infect both Humans and Non-Human Primates TI - Phylogenetic Evidence That Two Distinct Trichuris Genotypes Infect both Humans and Non-Human Primates UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14794 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/14794
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044187
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationRavasi Damiana F, , Davids F, Illing N. Phylogenetic Evidence That Two Distinct Trichuris Genotypes Infect both Humans and Non-Human Primates. PLoS One. 2012; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14794.en_ZA
dc.language.isoengen_ZA
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentDepartment of Biological Sciencesen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Scienceen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.rightsThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.en_ZA
dc.rights.holder© Ravasi et alen_ZA
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0en_ZA
dc.sourcePLoS Oneen_ZA
dc.source.urihttp://journals.plos.org/plosoneen_ZA
dc.subject.otherTrichurisen_ZA
dc.subject.otherBaboonsen_ZA
dc.subject.otherPrimatesen_ZA
dc.subject.otherDomestic animalsen_ZA
dc.subject.otherPhylogenetic analysisen_ZA
dc.subject.otherSequence alignmenten_ZA
dc.subject.otherTrichuriasisen_ZA
dc.subject.otherAdultsen_ZA
dc.titlePhylogenetic Evidence That Two Distinct Trichuris Genotypes Infect both Humans and Non-Human Primatesen_ZA
dc.typeJournal Articleen_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceArticleen_ZA
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