Bridge hosts, a missing link for disease ecology in multi-host systems

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dc.contributor.authorCaron, Alexandreen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorCappelle, Julienen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorCumming, Graemeen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorde Garine-Wichatitsky, Michelen_ZA
dc.contributor.authorGaidet, Nicolasen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2015-11-04T11:56:31Z
dc.date.available2015-11-04T11:56:31Z
dc.date.issued2015en_ZA
dc.description.abstractIn ecology, the grouping of species into functional groups has played a valuable role in simplifying ecological complexity. In epidemiology, further clarifications of epidemiological functions are needed: while host roles may be defined, they are often used loosely, partly because of a lack of clarity on the relationships between a host's function and its epidemiological role. Here we focus on the definition of bridge hosts and their epidemiological consequences. Bridge hosts provide a link through which pathogens can be transmitted from maintenance host populations or communities to receptive populations that people want to protect (i.e., target hosts). A bridge host should (1) be competent for the pathogen or able to mechanically transmit it; and (2) come into direct contact or share habitat with both maintenance and target populations. Demonstration of bridging requires an operational framework that integrates ecological and epidemiological approaches. We illustrate this framework using the example of the transmission of Avian Influenza Viruses across wild bird/poultry interfaces in Africa and discuss a range of other examples that demonstrate the usefulness of our definition for other multi-host systems. Bridge hosts can be particularly important for understanding and managing infectious disease dynamics in multi-host systems at wildlife/domestic/human interfaces, including emerging infections.en_ZA
dc.identifier.apacitationCaron, A., Cappelle, J., Cumming, G., de Garine-Wichatitsky, M., & Gaidet, N. (2015). Bridge hosts, a missing link for disease ecology in multi-host systems. <i>Veterinary Research</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14679en_ZA
dc.identifier.chicagocitationCaron, Alexandre, Julien Cappelle, Graeme Cumming, Michel de Garine-Wichatitsky, and Nicolas Gaidet "Bridge hosts, a missing link for disease ecology in multi-host systems." <i>Veterinary Research</i> (2015) http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14679en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationCaron, A., Cappelle, J., Cumming, G. S., de Garine-Wichatitsky, M., & Gaidet, N. (2015). Bridge hosts, a missing link for disease ecology in multi-host systems. Veterinary research, 46(1), 1-11.en_ZA
dc.identifier.ris TY - Journal Article AU - Caron, Alexandre AU - Cappelle, Julien AU - Cumming, Graeme AU - de Garine-Wichatitsky, Michel AU - Gaidet, Nicolas AB - In ecology, the grouping of species into functional groups has played a valuable role in simplifying ecological complexity. In epidemiology, further clarifications of epidemiological functions are needed: while host roles may be defined, they are often used loosely, partly because of a lack of clarity on the relationships between a host's function and its epidemiological role. Here we focus on the definition of bridge hosts and their epidemiological consequences. Bridge hosts provide a link through which pathogens can be transmitted from maintenance host populations or communities to receptive populations that people want to protect (i.e., target hosts). A bridge host should (1) be competent for the pathogen or able to mechanically transmit it; and (2) come into direct contact or share habitat with both maintenance and target populations. Demonstration of bridging requires an operational framework that integrates ecological and epidemiological approaches. We illustrate this framework using the example of the transmission of Avian Influenza Viruses across wild bird/poultry interfaces in Africa and discuss a range of other examples that demonstrate the usefulness of our definition for other multi-host systems. Bridge hosts can be particularly important for understanding and managing infectious disease dynamics in multi-host systems at wildlife/domestic/human interfaces, including emerging infections. DA - 2015 DB - OpenUCT DO - 10.1186/s13567-015-0217-9 DP - University of Cape Town J1 - Veterinary Research LK - https://open.uct.ac.za PB - University of Cape Town PY - 2015 T1 - Bridge hosts, a missing link for disease ecology in multi-host systems TI - Bridge hosts, a missing link for disease ecology in multi-host systems UR - http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14679 ER - en_ZA
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11427/14679
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13567-015-0217-9
dc.identifier.vancouvercitationCaron A, Cappelle J, Cumming G, de Garine-Wichatitsky M, Gaidet N. Bridge hosts, a missing link for disease ecology in multi-host systems. Veterinary Research. 2015; http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14679.en_ZA
dc.language.isoengen_ZA
dc.publisherSpringeren_ZA
dc.publisher.departmentPercy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithologyen_ZA
dc.publisher.facultyFaculty of Scienceen_ZA
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Cape Town
dc.rightsThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licenseen_ZA
dc.rights.holder2015 Caron et al.en_ZA
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0en_ZA
dc.sourceVeterinary Researchen_ZA
dc.source.urihttp://www.veterinaryresearch.org/en_ZA
dc.subject.otherBridge Hostsen_ZA
dc.subject.otherAvian Influenza Virusen_ZA
dc.titleBridge hosts, a missing link for disease ecology in multi-host systemsen_ZA
dc.typeJournal Articleen_ZA
uct.type.filetypeText
uct.type.filetypeImage
uct.type.publicationResearchen_ZA
uct.type.resourceArticleen_ZA
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